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Many people believe that is a kind of poison that we must avoid at all  costs. The reality is that we need cholesterol to produce hormones and  vitamin D, build cell membranes, transport fats in the body … However,  when the rates of cholesterol in the blood rise above normal values,  the cholesterol can be deposited in a “plaque” on the inside of the  arteries in the same way that lime is accumulated inside a pipe. Over  time, these Deposits of cholesterol can impede blood flow and heart may  not receive all the oxygen it needs, which increases the risk of heart  attack. Reduced blood supply to the brain can, in turn, cause ictus  (Stroke).

Risk Factors
Risk  factors for Hypercholesterolemia (And cardiovascular disease): the  diabetes, The hypertension, The obesity, The smoking and lack of  exercise; Diets rich in Saturated fat (Animal) and trans (Partially  hydrogenated vegetable fats, found in many processed products) and  cholesterol, A family history of Hypercholesterolemia at an early age,  family history of heart disease …

No symptoms
The  problem of Hypercholesterolemia is noteworthy that no symptoms. A blood  test is the only way to detect it. Experts recommend a Cholesterol test  at 20 years of age and then every 5 years. More frequent tests are  recommended if the patient has a family history of Hypercholesterolemia  or other risk factors, as smoking or diabetes.

“Good” cholesterol and “bad” cholesterol
In  order to circulate in the blood (an aqueous medium), the cholesterol (A  type of fat) is bound to proteins. This combination is known as  lipoprotein. Three types of lipoprotein:
1. Low-density  lipoprotein (LDL, for its acronym in English). The LDL or “bad”  cholesterol transports cholesterol particles throughout the body. Excess  LDL cholesterol builds up in artery walls and ends up hardening and  narrowing the arteries (atherosclerosis).

2. Very low density  lipoprotein - This type of lipoprotein takes the maximum associated  triglycerides (Another type of fat in the blood, also associated with  cardiovascular risk). Like the LDL, The VLDL causes narrowing of the  arteries.

3. High density lipoprotein (HDL). The HDL or “good”  cholesterol acts as a plunger, removing excess LDL cholesterol HDL  cholesterol rates, the lower the cardiovascular risk. Lipid profile.  Values total cholesterol above 200 mg / dl and values of LDL (”bad”) of  over 160 mg / dl an increasing risk of heart attacks and strokes. In  turn, HDL (”good cholesterol) above 45 mg / dl significantly reduces  that risk. Known as lipid tests, The Cholesterol test values usually  include total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and  triglycerides.

Impact
The  Hypercholesterolemia is the eve of the atherosclerosis, Dangerous  buildup of plaque within the arteries. If the affected atherosclerosis  are those that supply blood to the heart (coronary arteries) can cause  chest pain (angina).

If arterial plaque breaks or cracks can form  a blood clot (thrombus) in the place of rupture and block blood flow  there or travel freely and block an artery elsewhere.

A heart  attack is a consequence of the interruption of blood flow from the  heart. Stroke occurs when blood supply ceases to part of the brain.

Treatment
Changes  in diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, not  smoking … help maintain cholesterol at bay. As for food, we recommend a  balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in saturated and  trans fats and refined flours and sugars. As fats are advisable virgin  olive oil, nuts and oily fish.

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The diabetes is the situation in which blood sugar (glucose) levels are  increased. At the levels of glucose in blood is called glucose.

Definitions
Hypoglycemia: Low values of blood glucose. Symptoms usually appear in absence of glucose when blood sugar falls below 55mg/dl.
Normoglycemia: Blood glucose normal fasting between 70 to 110 mg / dl.
Hyperglycemia: Blood glucose above 110 mg / dl.

Objectives
The  main goal is to keep blood sugar levels as close to normal as possible  and maintained. In their achievement is important to control diet and  nutrition.

They must fight against obesity, maintaining a normal  weight, which can be measured by the BMI (body mass index). Obesity is a  major risk factor in diabetes.

General Feeding Tips
Eat enough food to ensure the minimum energy required.
Eat small, several times a day avoiding large meals.
To cook, minimize animal fats (butter) which is important in diabetes.
Olive oil should always be used for dressing and cooking (especially fried).

Types of food in diabetes mellitus treatment
Eat  vegetables (Also called legumes) often (lentils, chickpeas, beans,  peas?). Provide energy and are rich in protein. When you eat vegetables  can be suppressed by the flesh.

The vegetables (Raw or cooked)  are rich in fiber, minerals, antioxidants and provide very few calories.  We recommend their use; can be eaten at all meals and on demand. They  are generally suitable for nutrition for all people and especially in  diabetes.

The meat, fish and eggs, Containing proteins and fats  but have no carbohydrate, should be eaten in moderation. It is best to  eat more fish than meat. The egg yolk should be eaten more than 2 a  week; egg whites can be consumed freely.

Consume dairy low-fat (skim milk, 2%, 0% fat yogurt) is important in the diet.

Consume alcohol (Especially wine and beer) in moderation (two glasses per day) as general nutrition advice in these patients.

Avoid rapidly absorbed sugars because an abrupt rise of glucose levels in blood is especially important in diabetes.

The cereals are the main source of energy and fiber, taking care to those with a high glycemic index.

Fruits: Rich in vitamins, fiber and antioxidants, one must bear in mind that some have a high glycemic index.

Control the use of sodium because a high intake of this mineral helps to have kidney disease and cardiovascular disease.

The  care of food and diet is part of diabetes and you have to fit it into a  set of health measures, including proper nutrition and a physical  activity are adequate, regular hours, medications and control  cholesterol and blood pressure.

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