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Unfortunately the joy of parenting is not satisfied in all couples,  because many factors influence fertility is not present in any of its  members. In particular, women may experience some anomalies that the  specialist should evaluate.

In some women it is easy to detect and resolve problems that prevent  pregnancy, but unfortunately not so in all cases. However, to confirm  extensive evaluation is necessary to know the cause of the problem and  from that point further treatment.

Fortunately, today there are several options for the majority of  infertile couples to enjoy the joy of parenting, such as advanced  reproductive techniques, and in latter case, adoption.

However, before reaching this we must make a series of tests that will  determine whether the failure of gestation due to an abnormality in the  body of the partners.

Especially man must comply with a general physical examination, to know  their health status, and an analysis of semen-called-spermatobioscopy to  evaluate viscosity, macroscopic and microscopic appearance, level of  acidity (pH), as well as the account and sperm motility, must be  performed after 2 to 3 days of sexual abstinence.

In turn, the female exam starts with careful clinical history will be  recorded in the personal and family history of conditions in general. It  will also be necessary to know the age at which was presented first  menstruation (menarche), the frequency of subsequent, sexual history and  emotional relationship of the couple.

Then there will be a gynecological examination to rule changes that  could prevent pregnancy, from the absence of organs to malformations in  the vagina and uterus or womb.

It is important to know…

Overall, the gynecologist can assess the presence of fertility problems  if after about a year of constant sexual activity the couple could not  conceive. From the above, the specialist will indicate the following  tests:
Evidence of insemination. It asks the couple having sex in the middle of  the menstrual cycle, and between 2 and 20 hours were extracted with a  pipette (a kind of funnel-shaped spoon) a drop of cervical mucus, which  can be seen at microscope to check for motile sperm, opening the  possibility of pregnancy. This test is done in the doctor’s office, is  painless and takes just minutes.

Thyroid profile. It measures the potential imbalance in thyroid  hormones, which determines how nutrients are utilized by the body and  most organs do their job properly. Most commonly, the doctor ordered if  you have any suspicion about any change, such as growth or glandular  nodules (tumor).

Hormonal profile. This test will determine the optimal functioning of  sex hormones, as there is the possibility that pregnancy does not occur  in the absence or irregularity in ovulation, which may be related to  poor quality of cervical mucus resulting from hormonal changes, this  problem occurs frequently in obese women, a condition that produces  insulin resistance (occurs but is not used and tends to accumulate) and  causes loss of contact between the pituitary gland (regulates ovulation,  among other functions) and ovaries.

Hysterosalpingography. X-ray of female genital tract is performed with  an empty bladder, after the end of menstruation and before ovulation. A  substance is injected visible to X-rays, vaginally, to cover the cervix  and fallopian tubes in order to detect uterine scar tissue, polyps  (surveys of the uterine lining), fibroids (benign tumors) or  abnormalities in the cavity uterine abnormalities that may interfere  with embryo implantation or may increase the incidence of abortion,  occurring in approximately 5% of infertile women. The test does not  require anesthesia, although some patients report some discomfort.

Hysteroscopy. It involves inserting an optical instrument (usually fiber  optic) and cannula (tube of special material) vaginally to examine the  uterus and the presence of polyps, septum (abnormal formation of tissue  that can divide the uterus) and fibroids (tissue in the wall of the  uterus), these abnormalities are usually corrected surgically during the  same clinic visit. Although usually performed under general or local  anesthesia, after the procedure patients experience discomfort subsides  with medication. When removing the hysteroscope, a sample (biopsy) of  endometrium (tissue lining the inner walls of the uterus) to confirm the  day of the menstrual cycle is consistent with the statement by the  patient.

Falloscopy. Special equipment is used to determine if the fallopian  tubes are blocked, a fact that is the cause of approximately 35% of all  infertility problems. It is performed under anesthesia and an optical  fiber is placed in each tube through the vagina. High percentage of  cases the problem can be corrected by surgery, but if the intervention  does not provide positive results the best hope of a successful  pregnancy is offered in vitro fertilization, assisted reproduction  method that involves removing eggs and sperm, structures that are united  in the laboratory to result in an embryo that will later be implanted  in the uterus to develop.

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Laparoscopy. Used to look inside the abdomen and internal genitalia.  Following general anesthesia an incision in the navel and one in the  lower abdomen, then carbon dioxide is injected into the area to extend  and divert the intestine possible. The laparoscope (thin device equipped  with tiny camera) is inserted through the first cut and the second  probe is placed, allowing the doctor to view the abdominal cavity  through a monitor, which serves as a guide for handling surgical  instruments. Enables display tubes, uterus and ovaries, and allows  biopsy, suction and electrocoagulated adhesions (undo applying small  electric shocks) endometriosis, a condition characterized by the  formation of small cysts in the endometrial, causing enlargement in the  matrix.

Endometrial biopsy. Is performed in the office and involves removing a  small sample of the endometrial. It takes about 10 minutes and takes  place between 1 and 3 days before the onset of menstruation. Allows  diagnosis of whether ovulation and hormone levels in the second half of  the cycle are normal. It also serves to determine if the uterus is free  from infection or inflammation.

Other problems that can cause failure of pregnancy in women are the  presence of infections in the reproductive organs, which are usually  transmitted by sexual contact. The clearest example and that claims more  victims every day, is cervical cancer, a condition caused by human  papillomavirus, genital warts which way that will lead to the deadly  disease.

To rule out suspected, the doctor will prescribe the Pap test, which  allows a collection of mucus in the vagina and cervix for microscopic  examination and determine the presence of any condition. Also, diagnosis  may require colposcopy, simple procedure for exploring the female  reproductive tract using a speculum, which allows the visualization of  tissues in the area through a modified microscope called a colposcope.

You can help
Irregular or abnormal ovulation is the cause of approximately 25% of  infertility cases. However, make a record of basal body temperature is a  simple and inexpensive to tell if a woman ovulates, the same procedure  can be performed.

To affect this, the woman must take her temperature orally every  morning, as soon as you wake up, for a minimum period of one month, and  record the record. During the days of ovulation are increased levels of  estrogen and progesterone, which causes the body temperature to rise  about half a degree (between 13 and 16).

Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries after ovulation, which  transforms the lining of the uterus in a receptive environment for  implantation and nutrition of the fertilized egg.

If no ovulation, typically the temperature remains relatively stable.  Note that factors unrelated to the reproductive cycle, such as cold or  fatigue, can affect the registration.

Another method of identifying the fertile days is checked daily cervical  mucus secretion, through the vagina a piece of toilet paper, which at  first is yellowish-white, thick and cloudy, which means that in those  days there fertility. Once the cervical mucus becomes transparent color  and sticky consistency (similar to egg white) can ensure that reached  the fertile period, which usually lasts between 3 to 5 days and when  these conditions are present, the sperm can spend more easily into the  uterus and fallopian tubes.

After this time no fertility and secretion changes again becoming milky, or disappears.

It is not uncommon that infertility repercussion on relationships, and  for that to surface cause anger, sadness, guilt and anxiety. Share these  feelings with family and friends are not easy, which often leads to  isolation. If it is the responsibility of the physician to clarify the  likelihood of pregnancy, the couple will decide how far wants to go in  their attempts to conceive.

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