POLITICS ON THE NUCLEAR POWER SECTOR: WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS GOING TO BE FALLING ON INDIAN CIVILIZATION AND THE POLITICS
ASHOK DAS GUPTA, RESEARCH SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL, DARJEELING, northern WEST BENGAL (NORTH BENGAL), INDIA
7th July, 2008
As a citizen of democratic secular and federal country of India and holder of Great Indian Civilization appealing to go on a line of integration and peaceful coexistence, I do not think that the Nuclear Deal going to be signed between the governments of India and USA is be bad for our nuclear power sector, but certain questions always remain valid regarding the political implications of the deal on India, India's Peoples, its sovereignty and Great Civilization and heritage of showing the right way to the World Humanity whenever it faces any crisis. At least from the very perspective of resolving the current energy crisis and price rise in the petroleum fuel, I am saying this. We the Indians think that we should establish good terms with the peoples of America; there is a lot of things to lean from them. But as far international politics is concerned, we could not support the imperialistic attitude of Mr. G.W. Bush towards anybody who has ever tried to oppose his controversial moves taken against Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, North Korea and West Asia. The American President is trying to support his role in the process of rapid Americanization in terms of savior of Christianity and American Nation. Nor we could support the recent comments made by the leaders of Indian National Congress against Left Front, a political alley including the communists here (Left Front has been in power for the last 31 years in the state of West Bengal that has a mixed heritage of Buddhism, Islam and several versions of Hinduism). Left has been criticized of supporting Islam dominated Pakistan and Communist ruled China, two so called major threats to India's sovereignty. But are these two countries the real threat to the nation? Before discussing the political ideology of these parties and their political cultures and strategic relationships with one another, let's have a talk on the historicity and myths running up throughout the India.
The land of Kashmir, Pakistan and entire Punjab falling in the way of Indus valley has been considered as a major treat route for the Chinese silk to Europe through the plateau of Tibet, Pamir and valleys of Amu Darya and rivers of Afghanistan. That was a truth happening much before from the time of origin of Islam and Christianity. A similar business track was there in Bengal, Assam and Burma connected with Tibet and southern parts of China through the tribal buffer zones. The Hindus with their numerous fertility cults built up a system of division of labor in the name of caste hierarchy. The castes each owing a definite ascribed role exchange its service to other services and in this way, construct economy (mostly agro-based) of self-sufficient village community as well as the Indian civilization that recalls for unity within diversity. The system was different from getting labor resource in terms of slavery; but still there was a great scope of exploitation. The low stratified castes were searching for certain egalitarianism and Buddhist philosophy was such a kind. The notions of equality, peace and love in Buddhism were influential to Christianity originated from Judaism and secondly, Islam. Indeed, the Easter Saturday could be compared with nirvana in Buddhism. The first Christian State was not in West Asia or Europe, but the at trade zone of Abyssinia in African Horn at the juncture of Arab Sea and Red Sea regulating the trade among Egypt-Sudan area, Mediterranean countries, Sind the gateway to China and Central Asia through the Indus River Valley, Gujarat the mouth of India, Indian Peninsula and the transition point at Sri Lanka reaching up to the Orient and many of its trade zones like Bengal, Arakan, Malaya, Malacca, Mekong delta and Canton in South China. The Abyssinian sailors probably tried to established links with the Greek colonies formed after the decisive win of Macedonian Alexander over the Persian Empire that had been constructed by the Aryans after destruction of the former urban or semi-urban civilizations in Assyria, Babylonia, Syria, Asia Minor, Egypt, southern Iran, Beluchistan and Sind only leaving the Greek cities. The Greeks actually favored trade based economy unlike the Aryans emphasizing more on anti-trade commerce but ultimately failing to provide a better alternative of trade and urban life in the semi-arid West Asia. These colonies created no bar against Buddhism rapidly modifying itself into the Traders' religion for the safety of its own institutions. First the religion rapidly spread over the lower castes and outcastes working in the agrarian economic system of in India; but its strict anti-caste attitude made it fragile among the agriculturist community in India using caste hierarchy as the division of labor and went into compromise with the fertility cults, domestic life and a Supreme Entity as the savior of Humanity. So, it remained restricted within the traders that needed slave labor rather than caste system. The Buddhist message of non-violence and peace strongly affected the Greek colonies and the local peoples that more depended on trade and considered the Greeks as their protectors from Aryan pastorals aided with Iron weapons. The Jews might not ignore that trend as was also not possible for the Romans colonizing the entire Mediterranean on the basis of trade and so the Europeans. Likewise Abyssinia, Christians were there in Kerala coast on the trade routes. A strong opposition was made against these Abyssinian Christians and the Greek colonies by the Buddhist traders willing to control the trade from China to West Asia and Mediterranean. The Silk Route and its alternative ways through the Himalayan passes from Tibet to Bengal and Sri Lanka in east and Punjab-Kashmir region in west had actually compelled them to establish Buddhist colonies in Sri Lanka, Bengal and the entire eastern coast of India, South East Asia, Malwa-Gujarat and Konkan, Sind, Punjab and Kashmir, Afghanistan and Central Asia as well as all over the trade routes through Gangetic plains and Central Indian jungles connecting the ports at east and west of the Subcontinent. That led Buddhism up to Tibet and the Far East. The religion and its economic importance highly affected the Kingdoms led by hard liners like Mauryas, Kushanas, Satabahanas, Harshawardhana as well as Scythians, Bakatakas, Guptas, Rashtrakutas (Rathors), Palas, Kashmiris, Balavis, Chalukyas and Solankis walking on the path of integration until around 10th century Cholas in South and Rajputs in North chose the way of radical Hinduism to reestablish control chiefly over business oriented around the investments in Hindu temples at the trade zones in and outside India and pure agriculture under absolute feudalistic framework respectively. The blockage the Rajputs made on trade in the North India brought another alternative of Buddhism and Chtistianity in and that was Islam progressing forward from Arabia to all the Greek colonies, Abyssinia, West Asia from the control of the Romans, Persia, Egypt, North African part of the Mediterranean, Northern Africa from Accra to Morocco, Spain, Zanzibar, coasts of Indian Peninsula and Sri Lanka, islands in Indian Ocean, Malaccan territory surrounded by Malaysia and Indonesia, Tenaserim and Arakan, Bengal, Sind and Beluchistan, Turk-Shahi of the Hinduized Kushana fragments in Punjab-Kashmir-Afghanistan, Caucasus, Turk tribes and Mongols spread throughout the region from Asia Minor to borders of Russia, Polish-Lithuania Duchy, China and Mongolia in Central Asia. The basis of Islam was purely trade and it was well succeeded to capture the deserts, arid and semi-arid zones and trade routes, if not restricted properly. The Muslim rulers in India would not oppose the agricultural base of Indian civilization and not the caste system so far under the feudalistic framework on local basis. But they had got a huge bulk of agriculturist population converted into Islam due to Sufism, so not purely attached with trade but wanted to set free from the exploitation of the caste system in the lack of Buddhism. These peoples were blamed of not being truly Islamic. Muslim elites on the other hand were criticized for looting the Hindu temples of fertility cults, one type of symbol of amalgamation of Hinduism on cultivation and Buddhism on trade which actually deteriorated the separated identity of Buddhism as maintained by Mahayana Buddhism, Christianity and Islam outside South Asia. Actually, these ruling classes with the help of their armed forces did so in the name of religion, because they tried to make agrarian economy sub-ordinate, resist further amalgamation with Hinduism (happened in case of Buddhism, Sufism, Sikhism and Keralian Christians) and obviously to capture the wealth accumulated in those temples for the use of Hindu and Hinduized (formerly Buddhist) traders. Most of these temples were situated in hills of Kashmir and Punjab, Malwa-Gujarat region, western North India, Deccan, Gondwana and even the extreme south. The Islamic occupancy over the Indus River Valley and Bengal, negotiation of the local traders with them, presence of fertile agricultural land with a scope of profitable investment and superordination of the Muslims in power sectors led to the favorable situation without any need to capture the wealth gathered in the Temples and the Pagodas. Initially, the Sunni Mosques were highly against such banking of religious institutions unlike that of Siddiquis of the same Abyssinia and Shiites and Sufis from Persia. Further, if we look at in Bengal, Central India between Bhopal and Hyderabad, Deccan, South East Asia, Indonesia and Africa then we would found that the cultivators forming the majority in further remote and the tribal as well as de-tribalized communities residing at the jungle side were let to live freely with their own indigenous beliefs, conduct the commerce on their wish, politically dominate, militarize themselves whenever the situation went against the social harmony in the name of religion and secure their rights over the ecology highly non-Islamic: disease prone zone by muddy rivers with flood lands, dense forests around and wet and humid climate calling in shamans and priests involved in magico-religious performances with the help of dance, play, song, paint and alcohol in persisting or formerly matrilineal and polyandrous societies. In these special occasions, some sorts of cultural overlapping were held at the local levels even if the Great Traditions of Islamic and non-Islamic sides were concerned. There was a clash between the non-egalitarian versions of Hinduism and the philosophy of Buddhism in Indian Sub-Continent; there was always a scope of replacing Buddhism by the egalitarian version of Hinduism, better to say, Vaishnavism. The strict dogmatic attitude of Buddhism was not all suitable for the commoners and for the sake of domestic life, some compromise were made with the local beliefs. Like Hinduism, the pragmatic Buddhists began to worship the supreme entity who would consider their failure in domestic life rather than a wholly sacred life of the mentors. The belief in fertility cults, malevolent deities and spirits, ghosts and sole was the reason behind the initiation of the prestigious sects of medicine men, shaman, religious guide and the magicians in Buddhism. that had already become very much business oriented; their institutes began to behave like educational centers, banks and trade centers (similar to the Church in Christianity of a later stage). As the state economy could not entirely ignore the scopes it is receiving from trade; trade-based Buddhism and agro-based Hinduism came very closer to each other. Certain militarization was followed by the caste Hindus by allowing the sub-ordinates a more prestigious status of defending the religion in the society; the authenticity of the sects like Kshattriya, Kayastha, Kashyap, Rajput, Chaw-dhari, Gorkha, Suryavanshi, Chandravanshi, Rajvanshi, Nath, Bratya- and Ugra-Kshattriyas were therefore increased to the rank of an ideology. That fundamentalism was more frequently found in the hills, mountain valleys, plateau, forest areas, arid land and desert where only cultivation could not be the whole economy. Again, in these places trade seemed to be a better alternative than pure crop cultivation and hence, Islamic ideology had its rapid spread over there. It occupied a major part of formerly Buddhist World, replaced the fertility cults, imposed ban on art and dance related with seasonal change and agricultural practices, reduced the scope of matrilineality and free mixing, postulated verdict of social equality and good terms between rich and poor as well as deviated from the path of total non-violence in order to oppose the radical fundamentalism against Buddhist version of egalitarianism then at the door of compromise. This type of conflict between traders and cultivators was nothing new; only inside the sub-continent that had been seen between matrilineality and patrilineality (as illustrated in the great epic of Mahabharata); between urban and agrarian civilizations (later having the aid of forest dwellers, as described in another epic of Ramayana); between citizens of Assyria and proto-historic Indus Valley Civilization and semi-nomadic pastoralists led by legendary Indra destroying cities and dams; between the local rulers of India and orthodox Hindu priest gathered under Parasurama; between agriculturists and pastoralists united under Krishna; between believers of chastity of women and free-sex societies; between peoples coming from cold areas praying to fire and inhabitants of warm and humid areas; between peoples who buried or mummified or ate the brain and meat of their dead and constructed megaliths or at least put a stone piece on the grave in memory of their ancestor and others following cremation; between stone and snake worshippers; between fisherman communities comparing the rivers to snake and agriculturists settling their colonies on the fertile landscape by the riverside and praying the stones as the symbol of fertility transformed from the previous concept of ancestral megaliths or the savor of jungle and themselves inside while hunting and collecting food; between users of stone and copper implements on one hand and the horse-and-chariot riders aided with iron weapons; holders of Sanskritic and Dravidian languages with the rest and so on. Even the famous relativity theory that mass could be converted into energy and vice versa with no partial loss or gain could be determined from the Indian World View where reincarnation is a basic concept: the dead person disassociated within nature is converted into energy which is the sole present everywhere and again takes the shape of an object or a living being until it convert again into energy. The ascribed work in one life decided the fate after next reincarnation and therefore, work should be free from all personal aims and wishes. Sun is major source of all energy in solar system and energy conversion into light means the ultimate release from this bondage. As a result of this, peoples are asked for non-violence, think of others without any personal greed and freedom from all emotions and sorrow. Peoples were staying in Indian peninsula from a time when they used to pray to the wheals and big tortoises coming in the costal areas from the depth of Indian Ocean along with the monsoons. With changes in the direction of monsoon rains, what we could see in the desert land of the Arabian Peninsula is the gradual replacement of fertility cults by a purely trade oriented economy and generation of a suitable religion, Islam, to fulfill the very purpose. Trade routes brought the Arabs and the philosophy of Islam in deserts, arid zones, costal areas and river deltas worldwide. The Muslims of the fertile territories still expressed a passive honor to the concept of nature's fertility, relatively loosened social restrictions and worship of the burial of local saints. Peoples in the sub-continent are mostly Mediterranean, Dravidian and Proto-Australoid in origin with certain Mongoloid racial elements (chiefly concentrated at the places continuous with the formerly Buddhist World of Far East). Interestingly, most of them claim for a linkage with the pure-line Aryans in respect to the degree of development they have ever achieved in contrast to the other primitive folk based social groups. The hierarchy has another advantage rather than facilitating the simple purpose of division of labor; the more or less close-ended ranking system contributes a lot to unify the so much ethnically diverted elements within the Indian society. The egalitarian versions in any part of the world say for equal opportunity and hence, believers in them often got politically separated in terms of the various criteria of ethnicity, viz. language, economy, religious identity and so on. The urban-rural nexus, the caste-class nexus, the majority-minority nexus, the nexus between localization and globalization, certain conflicts between industrialization and cultivation, communal and ethnic clashes as well as racial and caste discrimination highly politicized are the continuation of the heritage of social mobility achieved from vigorous conflicts and negotiations of a thesis and its antithesis running from the hoary past of archaic human beings. So, identification of the Left ideology as pro-Pakistan and pro-China and considering China and Pakistan the constant threat to India's sovereignty are actually absurd.
I think the on-going technological advancement of human society and increasing demands from rapidly enlarging market economy have postulated some major alternative energy resources and vice versa. Industrial revolution taken place in West Europe was actually happened due to a major win of British trade over agriculturist economy within the traditional feudalistic framework of South Asia trying to gain a political uniformity on the basis of Mogul-Rajput alliance formula. Such positive combinations of two opposite poles in past had proved to be politico-economic boom, but no one has ever succeeded to get the other completely absorbed; either a suitable combination was synthesized or again competed with any third aspect. Generally, the combinations existed until the economy could maintain its prosperity. War, trade block, immigration, disasters, sudden superordination of external market over local market, obstacle in front of marker expansion, failure to meet internal demands from various social strata as well as clash between cultivation and trade are the factors behind deterioration of such economic growth that could lead up to political destabilization, social change, changes in the value system, ideology, thought pattern, language and dictionary and could even cause an absolute transformation linked up with rapid ecological alterations. In British India, trade could not illustrate its complete win over other alternative economies. Though the agriculturist fields were converted into major farmlands and subjected to capital investment in the meantime, the state machinery faced off strong offence from the peasant section as well as the tribal folks claiming for returning their indigenous rights back. Formation of various tribal territories for both the scheduled and non-scheduled backwards and minorities, complete or partial abolition of feudalism, transformation of tenancy into peasantry by returning back the legal authority of the big farmers over the land started in British Raj were then followed by land reformation in order to hand over the land from the big to medium and small farmers; development schemes in favor of small peasants and land-less labors and so forth. At the same time, the demand of market economy made the British to introduce monetary system into villages; break up the independent nature of village societies and their economy as much as possible; improve the communication system and transportation; make the native traders into their collaborators and landlords in the rural sectors; include the forest under their direct authority; fulfill the incomplete work of the previous Mogul-Rajput authority to politically unify the entire Sub-Continent and secure its border territories; anyhow establish control all the trade routes and trade zones; grab the monopoly of the Mogul-Rajput alliance over India's market; replace other European rivals as well as other Asian competitors like Burma (Myanmar), Tibet and China in one hand as well as Afghanistan and Iran on the other; and lastly, develop new technologies to produce cheap quality products that was the actual beginning of industrialization. To do all these British had to confirm their stronghold over the previous trade centers like Multan-Lahore, Delhi-Agra, Jaunpur-Oudh, Murshidabad-Patna, Bhopal, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Gwalior, Indore, Surat, Sylhet, Chitagong, Rangoon, Colombo, Trivankur, Karachi, Jalpaiguri, Guwahati and Shimla. The British ruled India from ports of Rangoon, Calcutta, Madras, Bombay and Karachi and after securing its trade interests, highly supported the reduced form of princely estates simply dependent on agriculture or condemned the other trade zones by introducing agriculturist economy so as to produce certain raw materials used in the industry and trade. However, the industrial revolution gradually started condemning the practice of slavery in the farms of America, Caribbean islands and Africa; the bonded labor system in India at the indigo plantations as well as Coolies in tea gardens throughout. A labor category was therefore developed worldwide in the industrial areas with some basic problems; that was similar to the origin of a middle class in the urban areas a part of which constructed the category of intellectuals. At that stage, new concepts regarding Socialism (including Marxism), Liberalism, Secularism, Communism and Democracy were emerged out. I mean to say; these things were present within human society from hoary past, but at the optimal stage of Capitalism, they have been started discussing as some particular topics in the Western World and gradually spread over whole of the World. So, to consider Socialism as certain dictatorial, anti-liberal and anti-democratic approach in the society is not at all universally acceptable. In the countries where the ideology was equated with dictatorial attitude have noticed the tradition of dictatorship from past to future; to me it is more related to the ecological constraints and climatic endowment. Harsh life and struggle for survival might often bring a society much egalitarian, community oriented, solidified, politically partiarchal, polygamous, extended family based, brave and under the control of a few elites, feudal lords, their armed forces and a central army within a framework of dictatorship of a family at the top of the state, even above the religious institute. It would be better to connect dictatorship with protection to some social crisis, war or political tensions, risk of disintegration, loss of sovereignty, monopoly of the majoriterians, movement against exploitation mainly with certain external aids, misbehave, ill-development, ideological clash, lack of communication, anti-incumbency factor and political conspiracy. It could be linked up with the strategies like struggle for survival and survival of the fittest. Economic prosperity, stable strategy, equal share, good acceptable philosophy, timely change, anti-corruption policies, good governance, patriotism, liberalism, formation of a conscious middle class and certain other impulsions might even go in favor of Socialism. Again, it could not be definitely said that socialism in a country could only be achieved by sudden implementation of pure liberalism under the benefits of Capitalism or through a Marxist way of facilitating social dynamo at higher pace till ultimate communism within a self sufficient utopian society is achieved. Capitalism and consumerism would increase individualism, facilitate loss of social values and sentiments and demand for infinite expansion of market (by using the domains of infrastructure, energy, communication, banking, local markets and crop fields as the hinterland for equity investment). It is also connected with other aspects like severe exploitation of other nations or creation of a temporary subjective type of economic boom over there, natural degradation, loss of biodiversity and degradation of harm-free Global Public Services, stress up on the non-subjective part of cultural identity, urge for technological breakthrough and decrease in the quantity of manual labor again directly related to the issue of unemployment, formation of an educated skilled middle class and development of bureaucracy, class discrimination, low quality products for the poor, degradation of the alternative economies, inflation and price hike, growth and unequal distribution of the wealth. But still the directly or even indirectly employed peoples, permanent or temporary, with government facilities or not could enjoy the fruits of capitalism as per their skills and gradations with a certain control over their wish and respect to the traditional value system at least to certain extent. On the other hand, a complete egalitarian society in the name of communism is worth possible; alteration in ecosystem and human needs functional to it are the basic reasons; a purely communist society have to be far from the notions of consumerism and individualism; the peoples should remain far aside from technological breakthrough, pure market economy and modernity and go back to the Indigenous Knowledge System for their very survival aided by the non-functional domains working on according to the ecology and size of the population. The better option to me is therefore a compromise between Communism and Capitalism to receive a synthesis of Socialism and the process is nothing wrong with the basic thoughts of Marxism. A society with civilization could not depend upon simple Communism; it has a requirement of great amount of labor force and therefore it has to allow technological achievements and their fruitful implementation. It should increase new job opportunities and simultaneously, give the worst affected peoples certain alternative scopes and until their human resource could be fully recovered, they could be subjected to much easier Global Public Services. Proper negotiation between a food processing Multi-National Company (MNC) and the displaced peoples engaged in permanent service of producing raw materials in a harmless way by using their IKS or other type of job is a very good example to this.
The Jelep-la was an important trade route between Tibet and Bengal (undivided) and there were several trade centers at different valleys of the major rivers in the sub-Himalayan region coming down from the mountains. Some rivers fall into Brahmaputra and the rest in Ganges before these two unite to form the largest delta of the world before going into Bay of Bengal. Prior to the union, these two trade channels are found separated by the centrally located Borendrabhum highlands of Dinajpur (now fragmented into North and South Dinajpur districts of western Dinajpur falling under northern West Bengal and eastern major section as the Dinajpur district under Bangladesh). The northern part of then Bengal has now been divided into three major parts, namely northern part of Bangladesh (Rajshahi Division, formerly East Pakistan, highly concentrated by Muslim population), northern West Bengal (or the six districts of North Bengal) and Purnia-Katihar region of eastern North Bihar. The entire region was the holey ground of Paundrawardhana mainly populated by Dravidian and Proto-Australoid stalks. The rulers there were considered as the Paundra Kshattriya who preferred worship of fertility cults, but later marginalized into the remote forest regions of deltas and Midnapore costal region in south, Assam and eastern Bangladesh up to Chitagong, Tripura and Sylhet to east and Himalayan foothill in north. They were ousted by the legendary Parasurama, the symbol of Brahminical Hinduism speaking in favor of highest supremacy of the priesthood even beyond the ruler and warrior sects. The Brahmaputra valley of present day Assam was also termed as Pragyotishpur, another purely Hindu state. West to Paudrawardhana was the ancient state of Trihut ruled from the settlement of Dwarbhanga that meant door to Bengal; actually the local language of Trihut, so called Maithili has a great influence in formation of Bengali language. Maithili has also close affinity with Nepali language of Nepal to which it has battled from time to time on border issues. The northern regions of Purnia (Morang) as well as Trihut (Janakpur) are now considered as the integral part of Nepal foothills. It has been said that before innovation of Parasurama, King Paundra of Paundrawardhana from his capital in Bagura-Pabna region (now in Banladesh) ruled over the entire territory of eastern Bangladesh (Banga), southern West Bengal (Sumbha), eastern parts of Choto Nagpur plateau (Anga) and coast of Odissa and Mahanadi delta (Kalinga). The mangroves of Sunder ban of the lower deltas were mostly devoid of high population bulk. Trade through Jelep-la has changed the entire situation. Buddhism and traders noticed their marked presence throughout the entire eastern part of the Indian Sub-continent; it has attracted various ethnic elements and various Power Houses of Tibet, Kashmir, Indus valley, Afghanistan, Persia (Iran), Central Asia (Turan) and Burma all once falling under Buddhist World. In and around the trade routes through high altitude mountain passes and the tiny river valleys in the foothill region, numerous mongoloid Tribal elements were pushed into and a buffer was created between Buddhist China and agrarian North India. The Buddhist influence rapidly reduced in Gangetic plains of North India. Especially after the moderate Gupta kings of later phase and the alliance of Buddhist Harshawardhana of Punjab-North India with his associates in Brahmaputra valley in 7th century, radical Rajput Hindu elements through the channel of Gujjars came into the political power over there. These Rajputs were replaced in 11-12th centuries by the Muslim Turk-Afghans (converted from Buddhism) into the jungles of Central India, Choto Nagpur and western Nepal (Gaharwal hills). There they simultaneously formulated various indigenous Hindu states like of Gonds, Khariars, Korowas, Kshawars in Central India as well as the Gorkhas in Nepal hills both influenced by certain elite families. Gorkhas House of Nepal was the first to emerge from the hills rather than the aristocrat families of foothills ruling Nepal for millennia. Gorkhas had an ideology of formation of pan-Himalayan statehood in the name of protection to Hinduism incorporating all the Hindu castes, Buddhist, pro-Buddhist folks as well as tribal indigenous elements inhabiting in both the hills and the foothills. The process of Gorkhaization got famous in the entire territory of Central Himalayas because of the absence of any major trade route from Tibet and only dependence on cultivation and other related economy. The Gorkha ideology has actually failed to go beyond the trade routes of Shipki-la in Shimla hills under Punjab-Kashmir trade zone in west and Jelep-la pass to east. The trade through Jelep-la had played an important role in protecting the Buddhist heritage of Bengal alive parallel to the local Hindu traditions overlapped for further 400 years during the period of Pala dynasty (750-1150 A.D.). Palas secured their close politico-economic and religio-cultural ties with South East Asia, Sri Lanka and Tibeto-Burmese belt and even China. The Empire despite of all the attacks from the Rajput elements in southern parts and the radical Buddhist or pro-Buddhist innovations in the hinterland of northern West Bengal lasted for long until there was a trade block by the radical Hindus of South India in Bay of Bengal. Around 11th century the situation was such that the trade between South East Asia and Indian Peninsula was distributed between the two egalitarian versions that were of the Buddhist and the Muslim Worlds. Extreme south had a millennium long political inequality; it had to compete with the local rulers of Sri Lanka, Kerala and Mysore; and therefore it failed to stand on against the Deccan thrived on entire Peninsula due to its full control over the ports of Gujarat, Konkan and eastern coast as well as the fertile black soil of Deccan plateau, Raichur valley and Godavari-Krishna deltas on the basis of its formula of Hindu-Buddhist syncretism primarily initiated by the Scythians ruling in the same Gujarat along with Malwa, southern Rajasthan and port areas of southern Sind from 1st century B.C. to 4th century A.D. The empowerment of radical Hinduism in Sind led for a situation when Islam directly from Arabia made for its easy passage. Arab colonies were gradually developed in the coasts of Konkan, Kerala, Sri Lanka, Malayan peninsula, Arakan, Tenaserim and islands of Maldives. At that critical moment, Cholas united the extreme south; established its authority over Sri Lanka, Kerala, Mysore, entire eastern coast, Andhra, Odissa, southern Bengal and Malayan Peninsula and hence, made the whole business running in the Bay of Bengal under their full control. They were the first who could run over the achievements of Deccan and to do that, they created a trade block in Bengal that caused separatist movement at northern part of Bengal by the regulators of river ways, the Kaivartha community connecting Bengal plains with Tibet. Fall of Pala Kingdom was significant from various aspects: after a short term rule of radical Hindus from South India, Islam entered into Bengal and entirely replaced all the signs of Buddhism from South and Central Bihar major trade route from North India to ports of South Bengal; agrarian economy of Trihut adjacent to Nepal became a fully Hindu territory, but it could not resist the entry of Islamic heritage in its southern parts near to Ganges river way; Varanasi and Gorakshpur went into the hands of Muslim rulers of Kara-Manikpur of Utter Pradesh; in protest of Islamic expansion, Nathism evolved by syncretism of Hinduism and Buddhism at Gorashpur and rapidly spread over northern Bengal and Assam up to Manipur; similarly in South Bengal and Trihut, Vaishnavism revived as a major alternative and rapidly filled up the vacuum in Odissa, entire Bengal, Tripura, Manipur and Assam as another alternative; Islam also noticed its spread over entire eastern part of Bengal, forests of the delta and even in northern Bengal as far as possible; the elite section of Buddhists took shelter under Islam and Hinduism so graded as Kayastha, Kashyap and Vaidya; the Shahi traders existed from the time of expansion of Kushana Turk-Shahi from the trade zone of Iran, Turan and Afghanistan into Kashmir, Indus valley, Punjab, Mathura, North India and Rajshahi of North Bengal at the center of the river ports of Malda, Dinajpur, Bagura and Pabna would now be known as Saha in Bengal, Shahu in Odissa and Sau in Bihar-Jharkhand. Besides all these facts, various tribal states were formed around the trade routes and existed long until getting interfered by Gorkha House of Nepal and the British India.
FIG: Northern three districts (Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri and Coochbihar, formerly Koch Bihar) of northern West Bengal (North Bengal incorporating six out of total nineteen districts of the state)
Sikkim and Bhutan were two old kingdoms by the sides of Jelep la. The aboriginal tribes of Sikkim were Naong, Chang and Mon and eventually they were all absorbed by the Mongoloid Lepchas arriving there from Burmese border areas and Khasia hills (Khasia people talk in their very own language considered as a missing link between Mon-Khmer of South East Asia as well as the Mundari dialects of Central Indian Proto-Australoids). Lepchas have used the same route of lower Assam used by various other tribes like Garo, Bodo, Rabha, Khen, Koch, Mech and Limbu: most of them were primarily animists. On the other hand, Bhutan hills of eastern Himalayas were occupied by the Buddhist tribe of Drukpa coming down from Tibet and controlling all the 18 river valley trade routes then entered into Brahmaputra plains of North Bengal and western Assam through the Bhutan foothills better known as 'Duars' (i.e., doors) segregated into eight of North Bengal and ten in Assam. South to Duars indigenous states were formed of Khens, Bodos and Kochs. The core of these tribes was situated in the present day Koch Bihar district of northern West Bengal, a former princely state in British India. Khens ruled from Gossanimari over their state named Kamtapur situated adjacent to Kamrup of western Assam. The mane Assam was derived from the Ahom tribe entered in the ancient Pragyotishpur from Buddhist country of Thailand long ago. Khens ruled in the same time when at the post-Pala period, Muslim Turko-Afghans brought Islam at a large scale. These Muslims had the similar notion of trade with Tibet and hence settled their capital at Lakshmanawati and Gour on the bank of Mahananda river channel flowing from Lower Sikkim (now Darjeeling hills of Darjeeling district of northern West Bengal) and then through the plains of western Dinajpur and Purnia-Katihar region up to Gour (present day Malda) before falling into Ganges. Numerous Vaishnava and Islamic settlement were established by the two banks of Mahananda. The Darjeeling foothill is a geographic continuation of Morang (mentioned earlier; the eastern part of Nepal foothills taken away from northern Purnia like the Janakpur area of Trihut). This is now falling under Siliguri sub-division of Darjeeling district; whereas the Darjeeling hill area has been distributed into three hilly sub-divisions, namely Kalimpong, Kurseong and Darjeeling. The Siliguri subdivision as well as Islampur subdivision of North Dinajpur district of the western Dinajpur included within northern West Bengal were taken from Purnia and again the Purnia-Katihar region of Bihar was once an integral part of Bengal as well as the ancient state of Paundrawardhana (mentioned above). Actually, Darjeeling district was constructed by incorporation of Siliguri sub-division along with three hilly sub-divisions of which Kalimpong was taken from Bhutan along with the entire Duars by the British authority in 19th century and the rest two from Sikkim. River Tista originated from high altitude of Sikkim traverses Kalimpong and Darjeeling on its two sides before entering into Baikunthopur forest that actually segregated Siliguri and Duars from one another. Tista was the actual route from Jelep-la to Jalpaiguri near the ancient sacred place of Jalpesh once settled by the excluded Paudra-Kshattriyas now spread all over Bengal. Later on, the pro-Kushana elements under the king Jalpa established their kingdom and from His name the fertility cult previously brought here by the Paundra-Kshattriyas was started to be regarded as cult of Jalpesh. The entire region of Baikunthopur and Jalpesh-Jalpaiguri was flooded by Vaishnavism and Islam could perhaps put its feet here permanently. This region was always retained under indirect control of Koch Bihar kings. The whole territory west to the Tista-Korotowa joint flow southwards towards river Brahmaputra at Bagura, the entire Dinajpur, Rajshahi and the enclave made by Brahmaputra and Ganges in Pubna went into the hands of Muslim rulers of Gour. However, at the eastern side of Tista-Korotowa was Rangpur which was politically controlled by kings of Koch Bihar which had its further interest in Duars, Kamrup and even Kamaru and Kuchhur further east. Further trade in the deltas, Bhati region of the eastern Bangladesh, Rarh of southern West Bengal went on under the Muslim political control. But in the coast of Midnapore continuous with Odissa and secondly, Shurma-Kumilla-Chitagong track continuous with Kuchhur-Manipur-Tripura-Arakan had a mixed culture of Islam, Buddhism, Vaishnavism, Nathism, caste and local Hinduism and inhabited by Bengali, Mog, Arab, Turko-Afghans, Burmese and various tribal folks. Burmese government and Arakan had always an eagerness in order to establish political control over Manipur, Tripura, Kuchhur, Kamrup, Kamtapur, Kamaru (Assam), Chitagong track, bhati, deltas and even Murshidabad and Malda. From 16th century onwards the Turko-Afghans in Bengal (with their Hindu associates) and Khens in Kamtapur were replaced by Mogul-Rajput alliance and the Kochs respectively. These Koches were emerged out from the Bodo stalk and from Coochbihar occupied the Khen state. Unlike their fellow brothers under Mech and Limbu categories in Siliguri subdivision plus Morang and Darjeeling hills respectively, the Koch rulers started worshipping Jalpesh fertility cults; made association with the Paundra-Kshattriyas locally modified into the Desi sect; addressed the prestigious title of Burmanas of the kings of Maimansingh of Bhati area, Bangladesh; accepted the Rajbanshi identity as a greater Social Fold including Desis, Barmanas, Paulias, certain Mech and Rabha sects as well as the Muslim fragment spoken off as Nashya Sekh; allowed all kinds of religion in their territory; initiated militarization of the local peasants (similar to the Gorkhaization in Nepal); established marital relationships with Royal Family of Assam and Rajput dynasty of Rajasthan; supported the One India Policy of the Mogul-Rajput alliance rapidly expanding in Bengal; battled long with Buddhist Government of Bhutan so as to establish unanimous control over Duars and ultimately, formulated good ties with British India as well as the British Raj after 1857 A.D. So, gradually the Buddhist and pro-Buddhist elements of northern parts of West Bengal beyond the domains of Islam and Vaishnavism were gradually converted into Hinduism and achieved a higher status of Kshattriya. Rajbansis were also present in the Purnia-Katihar region and throughout the northern part of Muslim Bengal and Brahmaputra valley of Assam. After empowerment of the British; they took the policy of major trading from Calcutta rather than through Tibet, Jelep-la, northern and eastern parts of Bengal. They constructed Jalpaiguri district by amalgamation of Baikunthopur, Jalpesh-Jalpaiguri and Bengal Duars up to the forestry of Alipur, Boxa and Kumargram again included under the forest division of Koch Bihar district. Throughout the Darjeeling hills, terai (foothill) region of Siliguri subdivision and duars of Jalpaiguri and Assam along with other parts of North East India; the British established innumerable tea estates and introduced purely agriculturist gorkhaized peoples from Nepal as well as the land alienated bonded labors from Central India. Jungle was brought under direct Government interest and new agricultural lands were developed and distributed among the Rajbansis and Bengalis. This alternative agro-based economy was very harmful to the traditional trans-national trade and various sub-ordinate tribal folks living inside the jungles. Like Sikkim, the Buddhist kingdoms of Bhutan and Tibet were brought under indirect control of the British. They were the same British who restricted the policy of political expansion of Gorkha House of Nepal in Himalaya and the foothills. But at the same time, they utilized the pan-Gorkha ideology so as to run over the scope of trans-national trade by purely agrarian economy as well as plantations like tea, rubber, indigo and cinchona. They also facilitated severe demographic change. Permanent Settlement System was issued in the villages of Bengal so as to create crop cultivation a gold mine of investment. Pressure was there so as to make sure that the monetary market economy could become universal. These steps taken so far for the complete abolition of the trade relation of Bengal with the orient and its heritage of cottage industry therefore developed during the gradual process of thousands of years. No doubt, the anti-trade policy of Gorkhas might influence the mind set of formerly trade-oriented communities now cut up with the Tibeto-Burmese belt by international borders there. But for a prolonged purpose, the separatist movements in Darjeeling Hills should be checked on and the highest degree utilization of reopening of the trade routes among Bangladesh, China (Tibet Autonomous Territory and southern China), India (especially the North East including northern West Bengal) and Myanmar should be confirmed. This could be the only solution of border disputes and separatist movements allegedly having a terrorist nexus with Global Terrorism Racket. A suitable negotiation between globalization and localization and the introduction of a neutral point of view are highly required here. The Look East Policy of present UPA government in Center seems to loose its credential and it is now giving the assurance of 31 billion rupee package in the 11th Five Year Planning so as to develop the communication and basic infrastructure in the North East and promote country's second Green Revolution. That would be a good approach, but until it does not take any step in favor of opening the trans-national trade routes, nothing is going to be said with accuracy. The whole of the investment could then lead to a blunder. The flood situation control, forest and bio-diversity protection, proper disaster management and river policies are more crucial in this purpose. We have to understand that China, Myanmar and Bangladesh are not our enemy, rather we have close cultural ties and the conflict is actually purely economic. So, to think that the Left Parties of India are willing to establish separate diplomatic ties with these nations against the improving ties between America and India in the issue of proposed Nuclear Deal is total bogus.
A message has been sent to the World People that the UPA led Central Government of India ruling on the support of Left Parties from outside is working behind the political destabilization in West Bengal; for the last 32 years the Left Parties are ruling in the state legislative assembly and majority of Members of Parliament (MP) of the Left to both Houses of the Indian Parliament are from this state. The main party in UPA is Indian National Congress (INC) has a strong political rivalry with the Left especially in the state politics. In the center, INC-led UPA is getting support from the Left so to keep BJP (the political wing of VHP, a Hindu Fundamentalist organization) out of the power. Left have their opinion that BJP is more harmful than INC both proceeding allegedly on the blind path of uncontrolled foreign investment equipped with rapid privatization. However, Left and INC are working together to defend BJP on the basis of Common Minimum Program. The rapidly increasing price of petroleum and essential commodities worldwide creates a serious problem in front of the Global People. American currency is running in WMF and World Bank and all other countries, especially the developing and underdeveloped countries, are taking loans from these institutions mostly in US dollars (about 41%) and this has made a situation where 65% of total foreign currency of the world are in US dollars. Huge burden of loan is held on the each head of these countries. So, the market economy of USA is allegedly responsible for this situation; any politico-economic crisis in USA and oil producing OPEC countries is enough for such things. More self-sufficient the internal growth more independence in making foreign policies could be the only way to get rid of this situation. India's internal growth still depends up on agricultural production, cottage industry, cooperatives, mines, its internal market, some big industries, banking and development of its human resources. Still there are communities staying outside the proper market economy of India. Meanwhile, Left that has an ideological clash with the economic imperialism of American capitalism but now could not resist itself from the trend of Global Market Economy and velocity in the name of liberalism specifically in the urban and semi-urban areas often criticize the American economic policies and its wish to establish a control over the oil fields of the OPEC countries through the American Multinationals and puppet governments in these countries in the name of abolishing the evil power against Christianity, America and the World Humanity, for what they often go into such a inhuman war and try to win a decisive battle over there, basically the Muslim countries of West Asia, Islamic organizations arranging and financing the Holey War Jihad and the remnants of the so called Socialist World.
From my point of view, I must support the senior scientists of our countries that we need alternative source of energy like atomic power like Uranium. But it is a shame on us that we fail to manage the technologies so as to create power from Thorium found in Kerala coast from the monazite ore richest in the world. Nor we could do any real good thing in favor of Uranium research and we have all to depend on the countries under Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG) for both the technology and the Uranium ore. This is going to be the same thing as India has insufficient storage of Petroleum and Uranium and depends on their foreign supply. Even the developed countries blame the other countries like India for polluting the world and at the same time they do not let these countries to use their own Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) the gateway of alternative non-subsistent type of economy probably leading to a reverse direction of communism. The developed world is sure that progress could only be achieved through industrialization, market economy and credit society, investments in terms of equity on every aspect and modernization and technological breakthrough. Moreover, they are being allegedly criticized for choosing the lands in developing and underdeveloped countries for production of their goods where resource is enough, labor is cheap, technology is poor, demand is high than the local goods, market is big enough for low cost poor quality products and no such strict bar is opposed on environment control. But these are not easy enough as these developing countries actually have their own potency, foreign policies, bulk of intellectual middle class and capitalists, independence, constitution and legal provisions as well as membership of various political and non-political organizations; certain states have strong faith in secularism, nationality, multiculturalism as well as democracy. This nexus between developed countries and the rest could be viewed from the same angle that we have used in the stories of Ramayana, Mahabharata, Krishna, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, nexus between agriculture and trade, industrial revolution, capitalism, feudalism, slavery, communism, socialism and so many battles between communities as well as civilizations equipped with languages, ideologies, belief, sentiments and weapons. Clearly, it is between the countries with developed atomic energy resources and the not having others. And at the same time, it is not just bound within scientific issues, but exceeds into the domain of politics. The Atomic energy could be used for both productions of electricity as well as nuclear bomb. It has also become a symbol of superiority over the rest. It is also the future of the energy sector. Many countries (inside and outside the American Lobby) are conducting nuclear research programs. America being a Superpower and strong believer in the process of Americanization through the pathway of Global Capitalism thinks that economic monopoly over the entire market system would be the only way to provide benefit to the peoples of USA and its associates who love consumerism and favored the Capitalists and Multi-National Companies. Any state outside its political lobby, especially participating in any independent nuclear research, whether for peaceful purpose or strengthening its defense sector is considered as a serious threat to humanity, economy and superiority of USA from the Western point of view; and believe or not, there existed a constant war like situation on artificially created issues like Kosovo, Palestine, Chechnya, Kurdistan, Shiite-Sunni clashes, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Libya, Algeria, Indonesia under the Muslim World as well as the issue of Assam and Indian North East, Tibet and Gorkhaland beyond. That might create pressure on Communist Government of China, Federation of India, Iran and Arab World. Such mechanism is also working various parts of Africa and New World. These things are very much sentimental and related to ethnicity, culture, religious institutes, ideology, localization, separatism, autonomy and independence, indigenous rights and aboriginality. Problems are everywhere, even inside USA. So, the real question is that whether any external element is backing it so as to make it an international issue or a national crisis of the state and way to create any political misbalance as well as a definite political pressure before bargaining on an international treaty with advantage on one's own side! From this point of view, the Gorkhaland Movement and other political disturbances regarding the issue of land alienation for industrialization in various parts of West Bengal for the last one year were enough to form pressure on the ruling Left Government from the opposition parties in the state legislative assembly, media, NGOs and intellectuals as well as create ideological dilemma between the orthodox hardcore and liberal reformers within the Left; questions were raised that whether the way of industrialization was a blind imitation of Chinese Model or negotiation of the Left ideologies with Global Market Economy led by America or if there would be any possible way to secure own ideology and political identity through positive and fruitful utilization of Globalization going reverse back to American capitalism. Capitalism was there form much before the formation of USA and occurrence of industrialization on the shoulder of politico-economic colonization in 18th century. It is impossible to abolish capitalism of any kind within the framework of a complex civilization until the society goes back to folk life ideal for true communism. Abolition of Jelep-la trade route, border problems with China, partition of India, break down of Pakistan to form Bangladesh with majority of population being Bengali-speaking Muslims east to the West Bengal state of India, lack of land connection of Bangladesh and rest Pakistan with the Tibetan Autonomous Territory under China, formation of tea gardens on these ancient trade routes falling on India's side and disconnecting Bangladesh with China and Myanmar, introduction of Nepali speaking population and Adivasi communities into these tea gardens, replacement of trade by agriculture and agro-based industry, demographic change, remembrance of historicity, ethnic sentiments and ideology of Pan-Gorkhaization throughout the Himalayas are behind the political problem like Gorkhaland movement where the hill peoples (local or migrated) forcefully or whole heartedly supporting the Gorkha ideology (despite of all clashes between trade and agriculture). The Movement is said to be originated from plantocracy that was a politicized status movement of the Nepali-speaking low graded Matowali sub-castes in-migrated as the tea garden laborers in Darjeeling hills where other ethnic elements were either least or totally absent. These peoples were enrolled in the army of British India and then independent India as under Gorkha Regiment. The name Gorkha is here applied as a Hindu ideology initiated by the Gorkha House of Hindu Nepal and here it is all dedicated to save motherland that provides food to them and not as an ethnocentric attitude. The migrated peoples from Nepal have established themselves as the Gorkhas and confirmed their majority over the late coming clean castes (the true holder of Gorkhahood as they did not accept cow meat or alcohol), Buddhist elements from Nepal and Tibet, local peoples like Lepchas and Limbus and Drukpas and the business communities from various parts of India. Gorkha identity has got its popularity and it seems like a Utopia for these Nepali-speaking peoples and their associates. The Nepalis were also present in the tea gardens and neighboring villages of Duras of Assam and northern West Bengal as well as Siliguri terai, but here they have to adjust with the multicultural situation as a minority population. Their political activities have been declared suspicious in Bhutan a Buddhist country and favoring its Bhutanization process in contrast to the Gorkhaization process. The scholars of Gorkhaland movement consider the Duars peoples especially the Adivasis quite similar to the Modesias of Nepal terai (foothills) and they have presented the existence of Rajbansi peoples at least in the Morang region of Nepal terai and hence demand the Rajbansi villages of Siliguri terai and entire Duars overlapped with Mech, Koch, Rabha and Bodo as their ascribed fundamental right. They criticize the huge scale migration from Bangladesh in to West Bengal (probably in order to justify their infiltration in the hills and foothills, especially in and around the tea gardens of northern West Bengal and Assam) and they are refusing to understand the fact that from long before partition, Bengalis are living on both the sides of the international boundary of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. From 1988 onwards, there has been an autonomous hill council, namely Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (DGHC), incorporating the three hilly subdivisions, but it could not satisfy the hope for a separate statehood for the Nepalis or the Gorkhas in India. Nor the council could do enough to provide better quality governance and subsequently gets involved into large scale corruption. The ruling party there GNLF has even decided to form an autonomous council according to the provision of Sixth Schedule of Indian Constitution where a region could be promoted with special powers under a state if 60% of the population there could be fallen under the tribal category (irrespective of scheduled and non-scheduled categories). From this sense, the hill peoples, specifically the Nepalis, though majority of them being gorkhaized sub-castes and hence could not be directly fell to the scheduled tribe category, are basically from a tribal and even Buddhist or pro-Buddhist or simply animistic Matoali identity which they still bear with them in passive. The Sixth Schedule is also important as it has the credibility to give similar priority to all the Gorkhas, gorkhaized, Buddhists, Tibetan and Bhutias, indigenous, tribes and other minorities living in the hills under an enlarged banner. At the same time, GJMM, a new fraction from the same GNLF, desperate in establishing its political monopoly in the hills was formed and recieved all the authenticity by replacing the GNLF. This GJMM has been succeeded to attract all the attention of the hill peoples and especially the GNLF supporters quite confused with the process of de-Gorkhaization. This new movement gets a new pace in the name of separate statehood that they have planned to get through the path of peace, brotherhood, mutual understanding, non-violence, democratic approach and according to the Constitution with a fresh demand to incorporate the forest and tea garden areas in Duars along with the entire Darjeeling district in their proposed Gorkhaland map. They try to have support from other such political parties that are willing to get their homelands in the name of Koch Bihar and Kamtapur (mentioned above) by forming separate states taking the areas of northern West Bengal. They accused the West Bengal government and the ruling Left Front, chiefly CPI (M), as exploiters of Nepalis, Rajbansis, Adivasis and other tribal communities and minorities of entire West Bengal on the basis of castes, ethnicity and religion. There may be anger and emotion regarding the nexus between majoriterians and minoriterians, but why not a conspiracy of destroying the heritage of class based peasant movement, communal harmony, removal of the scar of landlord system, investment in nationalized banks or business rather than in agricultural lands, land distribution among the small peasants and protection to the landless labor category as far as possible, maintenance to the non-subsistent symbolism in folk culture supporting the agrarian culture and related indigenous knowledge traits over here, movements for social equality and development of the common peoples under the Left Front with the ideologies like Secularism, Democracy, upliftment of the poor and lower middle class, industrialization, receiving the benefits of the capitalist economy within the paradox of globalization, orientation of currency input within all the peoples of a region and Marxism. The synthesis of thesis and anti-thesis as well as dogmatic and pragmatic views is the most prominent feature in the state. Like Gorkhaization, here goes the concept of Communism, but for the sake of growth in the Civilization, everyone has to think on the reality ground.
Actually, there is also a socio-economic reason for such a situation forming within the Nepali mindset of northern West Bengal and that is the failure to satisfy the socio-economic anxiety of the hill peoples on the basis of tea, timber, tourism and cultivation only. There was on trade under the direct participation of the hilly peoples and actually Nepali peoples are not well habituated with the criteria of trade. But still there is a need to comment that like Kurdistan in Saddam's Bath Party Iraq, the Left ruled West Bengal has to face this serious problem of Gorkhaland. And all these are happening here to break down the so called Left Fort in West Bengal for the sake of regionality, state politics and national politics and even in the International ground to make India signing the Atomic Deal with IAEA, NSG and USA government. This is India's internal failure that the country is not capable of inventing its own technologies; it has to depend on America to have such technologies; like import of oil and gas from OPEC countries, it has no good storage of Uranium and hence to depend on NSG for Uranium fuel instead of using its own Thorium; it is negotiating its foreign policy with American Government and acting as America's junior partner in South Asia; direct its foreign policies in one way channel and open all its market to the American financers. Might then India have to send its Armed Forces in Iraq as a member of NATO; interfere in the internal politics of Myanmar, Tibet Autonomous Territory, South Asia, Islamic Jihad-e organizations active in West Asia and all parts of the globe; could not purchase gas from Iran via Pakistan and so more. Pakistan has again its own politics on the issues like Kashmir and Afghanistan, gas pipeline to China and from Central Asia to port of Kerachi, Sind through Afghanistan which is now facing Civil War there. It is going between the coalition government of formerly Mujahiddins fighting then against Socialist Soviet Union, the pro-Soviet Uzbeks residing at Balkh (Bactria the Greek colony) in northern Afghanistan, pro-dynasty fractions, regional chiefs of tribes, moderates and liberals aided by NATO and America and on the other hand, the fundamentalist Talibans now allegedly residing within the Waziristan autonomous tribal territory of Pakistan borders and Kandahar in southern Afghanistan allegedly funded by the Opium trade with the help of Under World and International Terrorist Nexus. In such a context, it possible that India is going to sign NPT and CTBT and stop all its nuclear experiments in favor of its defense policies furthermore. India is not confirmed that whether Pakistan and China its two neighbors with nuclear bombs are also willing to accept this non-Proliferation of atomic weapons. India has already facing both the Islamic and non-Islamic wings of the Global Terrorist Nexus, organized crime funded by the Under World as well as aspects like communalism, fundamentalism and separatist movements in the same areas like Gorkgaland stricken up by certain ethnic, socio-demographic, sentimental, historical and economic problems.
So, we get a two sided pressure again quarrelling between them: one is the Global Capitalist Market Economy of America and its allies and on the other hand, exists the Islamic Fundamentalists which the USA once funded to set oil fields of the Arab World out from the Soviet led Socialist World. Each terrorist wing of these Fundamentalists could not check itself from its physical expansion; funding in the name of Jihad against the Western World, happened to be mostly Christianized, now controlling most of the oil trade in the Gulf; investing in Under World as well as Open Market indirectly and in this way, establishing passive control over International Market through banks and share markets (as MNCs do); ending up America sponsored development with persistent type of self-regulated growth and lastly, deviate from its notion of setting full control over the oil fields and thereby on the World Economy. They are preparing to do so in the name of benefit of common Muslims and even other exploited peoples scattered worldwide and protesting against America, developed world, big economies and globalization. They choose the peoples from the entire world but especially those who have been situated very close to the old trade routes once helped in the promotion of egalitarianism within the public. They have taken oath to form a kind of non-hierarchical society that would go in the pathway of Islam that is peace and not through the liberalism sponsored by American capitalism in the name of democracy, secularism and human rights often used as the key to interfere in others internal crises resulted from certain discriminations again caused by the same. At the same time, there would originate certain risk factors and the line might not be acceptable for all because of its basic connections with trade and commerce on capitalism and not with agriculture and agro-productions on certain hierarchical classifications of the society. If succeeded, it would deliberately try to grasp the peoples beyond its arena and therefore, formulate another series of troubles.
Returning back to the Indian politics, here comes to see the state wide activities of Trinamul Congress (TMC) formed as a fraction of state-level INC in 1998. Though the party has now only one MP at the Parliament, it is the main opposition force in the state legislative assembly. It criticizes the ruling Left Front of forming certain vote banks. When a party works for the peoples, permits excluded peoples or peoples coming here for better opportunity and security from other states to stay in the state, tries to develop the proletariats up to the grade of middle class, helps into alternative job generation for the large mass of unemployed peoples, tries to spread the fruits of urbanization and industrialization among the common peoples even up to the remote villages, makes plans for minority development and facilitates the backward sections of the society to grab the opportunities the Constitution has permitted to them; then such vote banks automatically arise. Every political party has its moral right to protect such type of vote bank from harmful propaganda. It has to maintain all the sides so no blame of partiality could be implied up on it. And that is the point where the fundamentalists, certain communal forces, caste groups, separatists and radical forces try to misguide the peoples and break the social harmony into pieces. The legacy of liberalism and a positive notion that we have achieved within the state are the sweetest fruits of the state. Even when an educational institute or a factory has been constructed, the direct benefit might not go to the local peoples; but the township or even an urban center gradually develops out there and promotes lots of opportunities that actually provide a real favor to a larger bulk of surrounding population and if the government wants, it could suitably utilize whole of human resource and middle class intellectuals for further development in a more concerned way, a well-equipped manner and with all the sustainability. Instant and in-depth communication with formal and informal sources and impartial analysis of those facts are highly required at this stage. If not, then the oppositions like TMC allied with all the oppositions, the separatists agitating in democratic way and cleavages among the Left would desperately try to come into the power of the state politics that would indirectly help the Central Government to sign the Nuclear Deal and also America searching for new reliable partner like India with such a big market and cheap labor so as to establish stronghold in entire Asia on the coffin of the Marxist tradition of India. I still think that Marxism is a scientific explanation of Buddhism and thereby it is still so famous in the land of China and West Bengal directly connected through Jelep-la. Marxism is actually against the political division of peoples, specifically the poor peoples, in the name of religion and it tries to grab peoples' attention about the deleterious effects played by the religious institutions in the name of peace and love what every mentor has said yet. That was the strategy of peace and non-violence in the notion of social integration that Mahatma Gandhi of INC was used as his mechanism to set India free from the British Raj. Central Politics in New Delhi is still going on with some saying that Left are with India's enemies like Pakistan and China; they are indirectly helping to the communal forces like BJP in India; they are misguiding the Muslim community of India that the Nuclear Deal is a conspiracy against the Muslim World and INC is directly involved in it and any one opposing the deal in India is going to get punishment and so happened in case of BJP in Rajasthan and CPI(M) led Left Front in West Bengal by the recent political unrest in these two states. That does not mean that these two parties are willing to joint hands and abolish the UPA government in center. The political crisis of INC-led government in Jammu and Kashmir is the same issue of forest land acquisition by the Government and giving it to the pilgrim center at Amarnath cave a famous site for Hindu fertility cult falling on the ancient trade link of the Kashmir valley where most peoples are Muslims with deep respect to Sufism and probably, at a time were Buddhists and transported the Chinese goods from Tibet to today's Pakistan and Sind at Arabian shore. The Muslim leaders, even of the separatist organizations have confirmed the Amarnath Shrine Board that they have no enmity with the Hindu pilgrimage and that kind of protest is often seen in various parts of the Globe in the name of protection to nature. That might be a response of the Muslim World including Indian Muslims that they are beside the Left Front Government in West Bengal which for the last one year has been repeatedly criticized by TMC-led opposition in the state for its policies taken in favor of a transformation from agriculture to trade and industry. The Left Front have been repeatedly blamed in the name of polluting nature, creating artificial flood, damaging rivers and water resources, killing innocent peoples and neglecting the minorities. They are further criticized for causing land alienation of huge bulk of peasants and unemployment of massive quantity of landless labors without any discussion or plans for alternative package of job guarantee and settlement. The opposition has further added that the Government is specifically targeting the fertile lands by the river side cultivated twice or thrice by the Muslims and Hindu caste groups, basically belonging to the Paundra Kshattriya elements in the South Bengal. But they have forgotten one thing that how many cities and towns have ever developed on such fertile lands by the rivers of Bengal and what were their roles in construction of a Nation. Why the people of Bengal would feel proud of having only one Calcutta (Kolkata). These rivers were once used as certain trade channels and the concentrations of Muslim population and Paundra Kshattriya mass (pro- Buddhist elements) were all developed due to the very affection of caste-free non-hierarchical ideology in Islam and Buddhism with trade. So, that was the deal to make INC realize in Kashmir that what could be the fate of their party if they continue to use sentiments of the Muslim bulk in West Bengal to shed the Left out of power for their strong opposition against the Nuclear Deal; whereas the Nuke Deal itself has put India's sovereignty before a question mark and caused India supporting in the crusade of the Western World against the Arab countries and Iran in cost of scientific failure of India's senior most Nuclear Research personals. It is the right time for the Indian Muslims to show that how far patriots they are! And BJP is accused for using the Amarnath issue and the exclusion of Kashmiri Hindu Pundits from the valley to Jammu more populated by Hindus and Sikhs; the situation is there like a communal riot like the Bengali-Nepali in the district of Darjeeling and Duars of Jalpaiguri in northern West Bengal. Here, besides the Socialist leaders spread worldwide, the Muslims have supported Left's stand in the state as well as in the center. This moral support could not be said that the Left with the very support from Muslims and Communist World that also includes China directly or indirectly is in a situation of making conspiracy against America and INC and working against India's sovereignty with the aid of Muslim extremists, Naxalites and Maoist the rebel communists in the jungles of Jharkhand-Odissa-Chhattisgarh-AndhraPradesh-MadhyaPradesh-Maharashtra-Bihar, Pakistan, Bangladesh and China. The situation might go in favor of BJP but for a while raising anti-Muslim sentiments of the Hindu people against the Amarnath land crisis from Jammu to all over India. The talks of the Muslim leaders in the valley with Amarnath Trust Board would work on normalizing the situation. The statement that disturbances in Kashmir would let the Muslim militants a golden opportunity is as important as in the northern districts of West Bengal where some hill peoples, plain's Rajbansis and Koch Rajbansis, Adivasis, Maoists, Bodos and Bhupalis (the Nepali refugees from Bhutan) are willing to create political unrest; but the Central ministry is taking no major steps and therefore indirectly supporting the separatist demands in a situation when the country is sinking deep down into the sea of inflation and price hike, chiefly for blackmailing the Left to support the Nuke Deal. It has been seen that any party forming coalition with the INC in state government has reduced its seat number and the situation has helped BJP to come into the power with securing the second position for INC so generating a scope direct competition between BJP and INC in later stages. It has happened in Bihar, Jharkhand and Karnataka the doorway to South, while all being the stronghold of Janata Dal now divided into Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), Janata Dal United (JDU) and Janata Dal Secular (JDS). The same game plan has been mechanized for West Bengal so as to divide the power between TMC and INC on the cremation of the quarrelling Left. For that the whole responsibility of empowering the BJP goes to the INC and not the Left. INC was the party that has caused Jinnah in 1930s to form Muslim League with the demand of reservation, autonomy and then formation of Pakistan incorporating all the Muslim dominated states and regions mainly on the old trade routes together. Jinnah realized that the so called secular INC was financed by non-Muslim traders and it would never allow any Muslim to become the party President as did Ambedkar the famous Dalit leader and initiator of Neo-Buddhism in the subcontinent. Actually, on real ground INC was nothing but the savior of Indian Capitalists, Feudal Lords and upper middle class in the urban centers with a few Muslim and Tribal elites and nothing more. It is entirely the responsibility of INC that there are so many regional parties today in India and they are interested to diminish such local parties by forming some new parties; whereas BJP has the policy of breaking the state on behalf of ethnicity and eat up the fruit of long ethnic movements developed and organized by certain local parties, but now making them their subordinates. And still INC is working on so hard to sign the Nuke Deal anyhow with the J.W. Bush Government; might be they thinking off that the deal could act as a plus point for the Bush administration and therefore, resist the empowerment of Obama, the opposition candidate in the elections yet to be held for the American Congress, and if the Bush is saved, INC in India would become safe and secured. INC was responsible for partition of Pakistan in the name of independence of Bangladesh, but failed to set any scrooge up there. Some parties are saying that there is no alternative to have nuclear power; BJP is more harmful than Bush; no confidence motion against the Deal means supporting BJP; there is an immediate need to check the growing alternative power BSP in Utter Pradesh (UP) the Power center of Indian Politics as it could ally with BJP in the next Government and so forth. BSP believes that it has no need of BJP support in Central Elections and some opportunistic elements in UP is trying to combine with INC so to protect themselves from the rapidly increasing popularity of BSP even at the cost of Nuclear Deal, shed off of the independent foreign policy of India as the agent of America in West Asia and even the Muslim interest in and outside India that would again indirectly affect the price hike of oil products and other essential commodities. The partners in UPA are most probably thinking that the Deal would indirectly help them to retain into power with a backing of America, but they have forgot that in this way, they are inviting American economy to invade deep into Indian politics. They look confident that the UPA could manage other political parties to support them in nuclear issue and help the Government to run and finish the full time length; after signing the agreement, West Asia would fall under a severe pressure and mostly dollar based world market economy controlled by American MNCs would certain the steps to regulate the inflation and price hike in India and all over the world. And only then the credibility of UPA and its policy to tie up with America would come out in front of all and with Bush in USA, this coalition with full majority would come into power as the only opposition to the secular forces in India. And if BJP comes into Power, it would also go in signing the agreement. Then what is the problem for the Government to publish the aspects of the Deal in Parliament and in front of Indian Public? What it has done in the northern part of West Bengal is a shame for the Country and the peace loving inhabitants of the entire North East time to time criticized of having nexus with terrorism; but there is no good effort to check such kind of things originated from a economic crisis due to lack of proper domestic growth and certain trade blocks on International Boundaries there deviating the huge bulk of unemployed youth to the way of organized terrorism and extortion. Do we really want such politicization of regional sentiments of the peace loving local peoples so as to facilitate our ambitions of becoming a junior partner of Bush Administration of America or are we really serious about the on-going energy crisis in the country and do not have the capability to resolve it on our own? America and IAEA then would have the full authority to see up what is running in the nuclear power sector in India and NSG have the full authority to cut the supply off of the Uranium fuel to us if we ever do any nuclear experiments ever in favor of defense. They could not assure us that all the nuclear states or the states willing to have such power in hands would stop such experiments and go to the non-proliferation treaty. If ever signing the deal, India has the obey America for the next forty years that is not applicable to the USA and it could any time go away from this deal if it wants. This depends seriously on us, the common Indians, that to decide our fate regarding the questions of alternative power sector, sovereignty and peace and harmony that remain the core aspects of Indian Civilization speaking out always for the unity within diversity exclusive criterion in respect to any other country in the world.
0 Responses
Stay in touch with the conversation, subscribe to the RSS feed for comments on this post.