POLITICS ON THE NUCLEAR POWER SECTOR: IMPACTS GOING TO FALL ON INDIAN CIVILIZATION AND GORKHALAND MOVEMENT IN DARJEELING DISTRICT OF NORTHERN WEST BENGAL
17th July 2008
As a citizen of democratic secular and federal Nation State of India and holder of the Great Indian Civilization (with the basic thought of integration and peaceful coexistence), I do not think that the Nuclear Deal going to be signed between the governments of India and USA is bad for our nuclear power sector, but certain questions arise simultaneously regarding the political implications of the deal. This is directly related to India and its Peoples, its Sovereignty and the heritage of showing the right way to the World Humanity whenever there is any crisis. At least from the very perspective of the current energy crisis in and outside India and price hike of both petroleum fuel and food, I have to comment this. This has come to know that fossil fuel storage in the World is limited and thereby the developed countries are planning to utilize alternative energy sources such as bio-diesel, solar energy, renewable energy and atomic power. The expenditure on atomic power production among all these options is the highest and it has certain deleterious sides also. Radioactivity, uncontrolled mining and unsafe placement of the nuclear residues are going to create a lot of problems. Nuclear Power could never serve to that optimum scale essential to fulfill the basic energy requirement of a highly populated country. The developed countries in Europe have even decided for gradual closing of the nuclear reactors in there. Again there is another risk of illegal selling of the nuclear technology to the terrorists. How a nuclear fuel supplying country against non-proliferation of nuclear weapons could sell the nuclear fuel, Uranium, to a country that denies stopping its research on nuclear bomb. The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) most of the members of which have been decided to go in the direction of non-proliferation of nuclear bomb has its moral obligation on supplying nuclear fuel to India unless the country signs in Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). But India has a stand against going under such kind of nuclear non-proliferation for its own defense purpose; it points out to the nuclear enrichment of its neighboring countries like Pakistan and China with whom it has certain border disputes and territorial conflicts. It would go in NPT if only these two countries do the same, but the issue here is who would be the first! Besides all these, India is not so infirm that it could be easily bow down by isolating it economically; rather it has achieved a good pace in its nuclear research, economic growth and inflation, good but cheap workforce and a huge market attractive for any capitalist country or Multi-National Company (MNC). The nuclear deal between India and USA is crucial to remove all the problems India has been facing since the country experimentally blasted nuclear bombs in 1970s and 1990s. That also has reasoned NSG to impose a ban over the supply of Uranium fuel to the India's reactors. India should segregate its nuclear reactors into security and non-security domains and only then the NSG would be ready to sell Uranium fuel to the latter under the total observation of IAEA with full authority to look after that India is not using the supplied Uranium in its defense purpose. Further, without America's certificate, it would be impossible for India to get the fuel from NSG. So, like the non-security domain under IAEA, the security zone would automatically go under the hands of America. India would be bound to inform know-how of its nuclear research progress (even India's own Thorium based research alternative to Uranium) to the President of America and its Senate. The richest ore of Thorium in the monazite sand bed in Kerala coast would then be completely useless. Again, in the mean time, America could establish its monopoly over the nuclear energy market of India and automatically India would come under non-proliferation of its nuclear defense system without signing NPT. The deal between America and India would be active for the next forty years and during that period, America or NSG could move from the treaty but India could not. Moreover, India's Nuclear Power Sector would then be completely depended up on the nuclear supply from NSG as it now depends up on OPEC for oil and gas supply. In later stage, for the sake of American market economy, USA could exert its imperialistic attitude and could pressurize India to work with America as a junior partner or subsidiary associate without having any independent foreign policy; and help in destabilizing Iran and China on the issues like Gas Pipeline, Nuclear Research, West Asia, Tibet Autonomous Territory or Myanmar. It would try to make India a free market only for the MNC, the rich and the bureaucrats; remove all the objections regarding violation of basic human rights, labor laws and protection to the bio-diversity and nature; and thirdly, to change the legal and constitutional provisions. If not, America could impose ban on India in all the sectors; try to exclude it from UN; and lastly, in the name of violating the basic human rights made by organizations like Amnesty International, attack India and conquer it and set a puppet government up there. And they could do all these things by making the Indian peoples busy in the issues like inflation, price rise, terrorism, fundamentalism and regional problems. Problems should be there and it is our responsibility to solve them properly so that no other foreign elements could use these criteria in order to establish its feet here. Inflation is not so bad: it might be related to economic growth, high pay scale of certain government officials and bureaucrats and easy loan schemes provided by the banks. But the basic problem is unequal distribution of currency and therefore raising the level of economic disparity in society. It would go up to such an extreme level that peoples in the countryside have no other option to accept the alternative economic systems that have long persisted in their traditional folk life. Traders on the other hand, could increase the price rate to take all the money back to their home and that would encourage the private capitalists. These are the basic reasons for demands on localization, political isolation, Islamization, fundamentalism, fascism, tribalization, militarization, caste and dalit politics, anti-globalization, country-town nexus, unemployment in the context of modern social frame, separatism and terrorism often politicized and organized for certain gains and loss in International Politics. However, it is not possible for the big economy like USA to ignore Indian market and the energy requirements it has. So, America would better try to come into a negotiating table with India so could enter into Indian market. It would try to convince India so not to impose any bar on investment in agriculture sector, local market, infrastructure and banking; easy taxation; no labor movement; and lastly, no special favor to the Indian companies or compensation to the public sectors. This kind of total free market system would again harmful to our domestic production that is now attracting the foreign investors and hence, could become suicidal. Removal of labor laws is against basic human rights and would pace down the expansion of Indian middle class and growing market if added to the factors like privatization of crop fields and forestlands. Most of the Indians are associated with agriculture, cottage and small industries and minor forest produce; they are not fit to this one-way approach on their traditional system of management. It would then only work in favor of capitalist market economy and deteriorate all the traditional alternative economic systems as well as the equilibrium set up between the pure market economy and its alternatives in India. In the name of transformation, this kind of approach could close all the hopes for sustainability and also put a drastic negative impact upon traditional mind set, cultural heritage, values and norms, beliefs and myths in service to the protection of indigenous knowledge system (IKS). If there is on IKS, whole of the Global Public Services, ecological safeguard and biodiversity management would then deteriorate. Increasing demand of bio-fuel has been held responsible for the recent food scarcity and the related problems like mono-cropping, degradation of bio-diversity, food price hike as well as malnutrition, starvation and famine. These things could not be resisted by only sanctioning certain amount of currency to the affected bulk, but the situation would be brought in stability only by improving the human resource and better planning for internal production (whether through indigenous ways or by sustainable negotiation between modernity and traditional heritage). Here the core issue is related to India's Nuclear Power Sector and its impacts on Indian Politics and Civilization.
We the Indians think that we should establish good terms with the peoples of America; there is a lot of things to lean from them. But as far international politics is concerned, we could not support the imperialistic attitude of Mr. G.W. Bush President of America, towards anybody who has ever tried to oppose his controversial moves taken against Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan and North Korea. The American President is trying to support his role of rapid Americanization of the world in the name of savior of Christianity and American Nation. Nor we could support the recent comments made by the leaders of Indian National Congress, INC, the main power of UPA (the ruling coalition government in the center of India and main support of the Nuclear Deal with the given format) against Left Front, a political alley including the communists, supporting the UPA government from outside but active against the Nuclear Deal. INC of supporting Pakistan and China, two major threats to India's sovereignty, has criticized Left Front. But are these two countries the real threat to the nation? INC has built up UPA, the coalition government of India in 2004 for the next five years with the support from the Left from outside on the favor of secularism and defending the communal fundamentalists in Indian politics. In this way, the alliance has proven its majority in both Upper and Lower Houses of the Parliament against the opposition alliance NDA led by BJP, said to be the political wing of VHP, Hindu extremist. The Left Front has criticized both BJP for its policy of radical Hinduism and INC describing it as the symbol of bureaucracy, License Raj, political partiality, semi-feudalistic agrarian economy and agents of economic imperialism of the developed world. These things have indirectly supported politics based on caste, ethnicity, local sentiments, communalism and dalit identity so as to bring the political machinery in one's own favor. At this point, the economy becomes totally oriented to land monopolization or licensed trade. On the other hand, it would reduce the sense of competition and the very pace of inventing new technologies and formation of a middle class society under the urban-industrial paradox. Some say that INC has taken a stand of pseudo-secularism.
The Left Front Government in West Bengal state, one of the 29 states and 5 Union Territories, is accused for behaving like a Corporate House where they have forgot to stand by the poor people and is helping the capitalists. In reply to this, Left Government, also in power of Kerala and Tripura, has said that they have to do this as because of the fact that under their governance in the state a middle class section has been already formed; peoples become more liberal and anxious for further development. Under a capitalist framework, the state needs more money that is only possible through a compromise with the capitalists (so as to facilitate state services to its people). They have no right option rather than to work within a purely money-based economic system thriving on all other traditional economic systems worldwide. A folk community or simply agrarian society could depend on such alternatives leading to ultimate communism; but when the question of civilization comes in, trade and capitalism come simultaneously. Now the question is that whether we give the opportunity entirely to the hands of private sector so that they could indirectly regulate whole of the state machinery found to see in the time of British East India Company in Bengal or it would be possible to hand over the situation to State Capitalism or accept a system intermediate. But there is another set of risks under State Capitalism: bureaucracy, corruption, deterioration of the state machinery, no competition to the affected and hence no growth in civilization, emergence of a tyrant ruler depending on the army and spying rather than the peoples to protect the country and its sovereignty. That kind of system has been evidenced to use the policy of iron and blood so as to diminish the regional sentiments; promote artificial super inflation due to the highest salary payment to the army and government officials mostly concentrated as the most prosperous group in the cities; use the force against any kind of price hike of the essential commodities by the private sectors including businessmen, the feudal lords and the guilds bringing them to the level of proletariats; formulate direct taxation system from the peasantry; collect the goods by the state directly from the agriculturists and the artisans with a full and fixed payment system; postulate rationing system; check the political interference of religious institutes and improve communication, infrastructure and trade and industry. But history confirms that very after death of the dictator; the entire system has been collapsed down; for example: Ala-uddin-Khalji and Sher Shah in mediaeval India. They were both replaced by another system on the track of integration and mutual understanding between the private and the public sectors as came to see in cases of Tughluqs and Akbar. Again, the state could proceed in the way so as to regulate all the economy in its hands and allow one Business House to monopolize the whole economic system. That was happened in the time of Nabobs of Murshidabad in Bengal where the banker Jagat Sheth was established as the richest people in the world. Similar thing has been seen in Saddam's rule in Iraq in recent past. The other businessmen and power loving persons ousted from the state therefore had on other option rather than to go under the shelter of other economic powers and reestablish themselves as their collaborators. The end of Nabobs in Bengal in the hands of the British was not all due to any political conspiracy as the common people thinks off today. They were the other business houses that sheltered inside the British East India Company's trade center at Calcutta (presently, Kolkata). Being the strict rival of Jagat Sheth, they helped the British to capture the economy and then the politics of Bengal Presidency. British officials and these traders thereon captured whole of the economy of Bengal from Calcutta under the assistance of Company's Trade License. The British government did nothing for improvement in the agriculture sector; they destroyed all the old landlords exerting strong opposition since the Sen occupancy (in 12th century), the Mogul-Rajput aggression (in 16th to 17th century) and then the British and its collaborators (in 18th century) in name of formation of One India which was to them the end of their autonomy and abolition of the egalitarian values within the folk life. British occupancy to them was one type of political imperialism, and economic colonization over the mixed type of economy on domestication and trade in Bengal as flourished in the times of Palas (8th to 11th century), Sultans and Shahs (13th to 15th century) and the Nabobs (17th to 18th century). The British formulated the Permanent Settlement System in the rural sectors where there would be no legal right of the peasants on the land; they should be modified into a category to tenant who then had the only right to cultivate the field; pay the tax in currency instead of crop share; sell their crops at very low price to the private money lenders in order to collect the currency for tax payment and hence, the capitalist economy could enter deep inside the folk Indians. The Permanent Settlement System therefore fully destroyed the traditional economy of alternative kind based on the two columns of domestication and cottage industry. The Muslim rulers in the subcontinent had never tried to deteriorate that system, but the British did so as to expand their business, enhance capitalism and facilitate industrial revolution that had once been tried in the Islamic Arab World and the influence was the same trade based economy. But, the British did not follow the religious line that were taken by the Arab or the Hispaniola or the great Indian Emperor like Aurangazeb (17th century) or Asoka (2nd century B.C.); instead they follow the politico-economic line that the Kushana Turk Shahi, various Turk-Afghans, legendary Akbar (16th century) and the Mogul-Rajputs followed in respect to the multicultural context of India. However, under the Permanent Settlement System, the British in return of timely payment of fixed tax from the agrarian sector distributed among their collaborators gave them the full authority to rob the wealth as much as they could and never opposed against illegal taxation, establishment of Tea Estate or Indigo Plantation on acres of forest lands or crop fields and formation of stratified exploitation system on the land. They considered the land as a gold mine for investment and bore the ambition of infinite profit. At the cost of this capitalist exploitation from the private sector; what we received was few industries, heterogeneous urban centers, middle class, a group of intellectuals and division on the communal lines. The same fate is again waiting for the Iraqis and the oil fields in the post-Saddam Iraq by virtue of American political and economic policies. All the aspects of Communism and Alternative Economy, Socialism under the State Capitalism, Private Capitalism, Industrialization and Market Economy has been highly evidenced on the pages of history; much before the time there was Marxism or America. Today, the government industries are insufficient to tackle the whole pressure on them from all the market expectations, technological advancements, and business tricks of the Private Sector, strong competition and the huge unemployed bulk. So, they are going to the joint venture proposal of the state and the center or of public and private sectors. An industry does not only provide direct and indirect job opportunities to the people, but also provides a scope in the rotation of money around the neighboring region. We could expect certain things like a positive change in the mind set, improvement of the socio-economic status of the local peoples, formation of a heterogeneous quasi rurarban settlement (primary step towards urbanization) and fourthly, break down of purely caste-oriented traditional agrarian economy. The mixed type of economy (on agriculture and industry) absolutely adjusts in the geo-structure of the entire eastern part of Indian subcontinent including West Bengal. The existence of Hinduism, Vaishnavism, Buddhism, Islam and Kshattriyaized elements here confirms so. The Hindu fertility cults and shrines of the Muslim Fakirs are related with the commitment to agriculture, whereas the caste-free sections of Buddhism, Islam and Vaishnavism highly depend up on trade and vice versa. Bengal was concerned undoubtedly as one of the most important trans-national trade routes of the World, but at the present stage, its parts have been facing regional trade blocks on the borders. That might be responsible causing political disruptions and other agitations on the lines of ethnic violence, indigenous rights, historicity, language, constitutional safeguards, isolation, localization, separation, autonomy and terrorism. These are the responses to unemployment, the only dependence on agriculture and lack of modernization or a wrong implementation of that same modernity with full negligence and deterioration of the traditional systems plus the non-subsistence culturo-religious assistance to it. So, how could it be possible to turn back from the present era of modernization and globalization? Could it be possible neglecting all the traditional values and norms as they are condensed with religion? Synthesis is only possible when the thesis collides with such anti-theses and if there is on such anti-thesis, and then what could be the validity of Marxian theory. In the name of opposition, how could we let these phenomena open to the hands of Developed World controlling majority of the production, the wealth and the power! Our situation would thereby become same as the Muslims in India who resisted themselves from taking modern education and the western schools of thought during the British Raj. We have to maintain our own cultural and political values intact and utilize the Global Machinery for the benefit of our own Civilization. At the same time, it is possible to condemn the role of fundamentalists planning to fragment the peoples into factions on the basis of religion, caste, regionality and ethnicity and in the name of protection to the values and customs at the core of their traditional economy and lifestyle. So, welcome to the private sectors in the State does not mean total bend to the Corporate House and corruption. It would rather enhance the growth of Civilization.
Before relating this controversial topic of Nuclear Deal to the regional sentiment like Gorkhaland Movement within the Left Front ruled state of West Bengal, let's have a look on the historicity and various myths prevailing throughout India that could help in realizing the scope of agriculture and trade in Indian civilization. First try to understand the reality of the critic that Left in power of West Bengal and Kerala are involved in a conspiracy with Pakistan and China against India's sovereignty. The land of Kashmir, Pakistan and entire Punjab falling in the way of Indus valley and its tributaries has been considered as a major trade route of Chinese Silk to Europe through the plateau of Tibet, Pamir and valleys of Amu Darya and rivers of Afghanistan. That was a historical fact of a time much before the origin of Islam and Christianity. Similar business tracks were there in Bengal, Assam and Burma connected with Tibet and southern parts of China through the intermediate tribal buffers on Himalayan and sub-Himalayan regions. The Hindus with their numerous fertility cults built up a system of division of labor by the name of caste hierarchy. The castes each owing a definite ascribed role exchange its service to others and in this way, construct self-sufficient agrarian economy of the village communities and facilitate the notion of unity within diversity which is the central theme of Indian Civilization. Caste system was better than the situation found in case of slavery; but still there was a wide scope for exploitation. The low graded castes searched for status mobilization, security and equal opportunities. The notion of equality, peace and love in Buddhism was very much attractive to these peoples; but its anti-caste features caused it to depend more on trade and they were the Indian traders who brought the basic elements of Buddhism with them to a larger part of the world. Silk Route and its alternative tracks throughout the Indian geography actually helped in expansion of Buddhism beyond India. It has probably a close relation with the verdict of love, mercy and peace in Christianity (originated from Judaism) and Islam. Indeed, the Easter Saturday in Christianity could be compared with nirvana in Buddhism. The first Christian State was not the West Asia or in Europe, but the trade zone of Abyssinia on African Horn at the juncture of Arab Sea and Red Sea. The horn used to regulate all the trade to Egypt, Sudan, Mediterranean countries, Sind (the gateway to China and Central Asia through the Indus River Valley), Gujarat (the mouth of India), coasts of Indian Peninsula and Sri Lanka connecting the West and the Orient together followed by many other trade zones like Bengal, Arakan, Malaya, Malacca, Mekong delta and Canton in South China. The Abyssinian sailors probably tried to established links with the Greek colonies formed in West Asia after the decisive win of Macedonian Alexander over the Persian Empire. Persia was definitely an Aryan occupancy and had great rivalry with the former urban or semi-urban civilizations in Assyria, Babylonia, Syria, Asia Minor, Egypt, southern Iran, Beluchistan and Indus River Valley and long battled to condemn the Greek cities. In this war of trade and anti-trade, Greeks were actually the last hope for the trade based economy; whereas the Aryans from their anti-trade standpoint failed to provide a better alternative to trade in urban centers in the semi-arid West Asia; rather they might have a compromising situation with the worshippers of the fertility cults and agrarian civilization of India. In the meantime, trade and Buddhism simultaneously arose in India and these Greek colonies created no bar against Buddhism. First the religion rapidly spread over the lower castes labor force and outcaste tribes in and around the agrarian economic system of India. Its strict anti-caste attitude made it fragile among the agriculturist communities in India as they had no other option rather than using the caste hierarchy as the division of labor. So, Buddhism went into compromise with the fertility cults and domestic life and accepted the presence of a Supreme Entity- the savior of Humanity. Again, it remained restricted within the traders who needed huge labor force in terms of slavery rather than the caste system. However, Buddhist message of non-violence and peace strongly affected the Greek colonies and the local peoples that supported the Greeks as their protectors from Aryan pastorals aided with iron weapons. Like the Greeks, the Jews might not ignore that new trend as was not possible for the Romans colonizing the trade going on throughout entire Mediterranean, Black Sea and Mesopotamia; Christianity and the Jew traders from West Asia rapidly spread over Europe. Soon the anti-trade elements came to the throne in Persia and a trade block was formed. That caused a sudden increase of the importance of Bengal, Sri Lanka and Indus Valley in respect to the international trade. Likewise Abyssinia, Christians reach the Kerala coast by the trade routes. In Sind, a strong opposition was made against these Abyssinian Christians by the Buddhist traders already existing there quite confident to control the trade from China to West Asia and Mediterranean. The Buddhists sake helps from various Central Asian elements pro-Buddhist in nature. These Central Asians innovated were none but the great Kushana Turk Shahi in Iran-Afghan-Punjab-Mathura-Bengal-Central India and Scythians in Sind-Malwa-Rajasthan-Gujarat (bordering with the matrilineal Satabahanas in Deccan and Andhra). They all were pro-Buddhists or in favor of integration. The Silk Route and two alternative passes of it had actually compelled these traders to establish Buddhist colonies in Sri Lanka, Bengal and the entire eastern coast of India, South East Asia, Malwa-Gujarat and Konkan, Sind, Punjab and Kashmir, Afghanistan and Central Asia as well as along the trade routes through the Gangetic plains and Central Indian jungles that connected the ports at east and west coasts of the Subcontinent. Rather there was a chance of hand over all these zones and routes to the Christians and Jews of Abyssinia and Syria. Trade led Buddhism up to Tibet and Far East. Buddhism and its economic implications once highly affected the Kingdoms led by hard liners like pre-Kushana Mauryas, Kushanas, Harshawardhana as well as the soft liners such as Scythians, Satabahanas, Bakatakas, Guptas (came in to power on the support of Brahminical Hinduism), Rashtrakutas (Rathors), Palas (in Bengal; highest integration between Hinduism and Buddhism found and Bengali language evolved out from the combination of Sanskrit, Pali and regional dialects), Kashmiris, Balavis, Chalukyas and Solankis. They moved on their way until hard liner Hindus returned back in the power after more than a millennium later around 10th century when the Cholas in South and the Rajputs in North chose the way of radical Hinduism and reestablished their control over business investments through the Hindu shrines (formerly Buddhist Pagodas) at the trade zones in and outside India and also up on pure agriculture under absolute feudalistic framework respectively. The blockage made by the Rajputs on trade in North India brought another alternative of Buddhism and Christianity in and that was Islam and to defend it, elements like Vaishnavism, Bhakti, and Nathism from the side of Hinduism emerged again. Islam might have an impact from Buddhism but via Judaism and Christianity and similarly based on trade relations, progressed forward from another trade zone of Arabian Peninsula to all the former Greek colonies, Roman occupation over West Asia and Egypt, Asia Minor, North Africa from Accra to Morocco and the Mediterranean, Sind and Beluchistan, coasts of Indian Peninsula and Sri Lanka, islands in Indian Ocean, Malacca and Indonesia, Tenaserim and Arakan. The occupants were basically Sunni Arabs. Islam encompassed Christian Abyssinia and Zanzibar that was the gateway of eastern and southern parts of Africa. It also reached in Persia and then moved into the fragments of Turk-Shahi of the Hinduized Kushanas in Punjab-Kashmir-Afghanistan as well as the Turk tribes of Central Asia and Turkey; the Aryan-based Iranians became the Shiite and the rest remained similar to the Sunni Arabs. Islam further reached to Caucasus, Crimea and Baku and also borders of Russia, Polish-Lithuania Duchy (from Baltic to Black Sea), China and Mongolia. Islam had entered in Spain before marking the steps in the Slav territories of Balkan and Macedonia. The Orthodox Church in Constantinople acted in favor of retention of the Christian heritage over Greece, Balkan, Russia and Lithuania where the Aryan elements similar to many of the Iranians and the pro-Aryans or non-Aryan elements like Jews either mixed together or lived side by side. Therefore, the city of Constantinople was saved from the attacks of Hun tribes and German Goths from Steppes of Central Asia and Ukraine who were then settled in Hungary, Austria and Germany. These non-Christian Germans and Huns had Aryan features and they stepped down from destroying the city for its mixed heritage. They moved on to Rome and destroyed the western part of the Roman Empire. Like the Buddhist Chinese and Mongols in the east, Russians were overlapped with the certain Turk tribes, Iranians, Scandinavians, Germans, Slav and Lithuanians (categorically fallen under the Aryan breed). Germans claim to be the main Aryan stalk. It has been said that the Aryans in Persia and western part of the Indian Subcontinent were from the same Steppes, Slav, Austria, Lithuania or even Scandinavia. Like the Persian, the Chwa tribe of the Huns entered in North India destroyed the tradition of trade and urban settlements; modified their competitor Kushana Turk Shahi into a Hindu Shahi; accepted Hinduism and transformed themselves into the Kshattriya Rajput Warriors dedicated to save Hinduism, protect the Brahmin caste and revive the agrarian civilization (the most powerful alternative to the trade-based economy; though ultimately, it could not resist its ideological anti-trade stand). The Chwa category of the Hans, namely the Chau-dharis in India, could be treated as the bearers of the true Rajput blood or even their commitment to save the caste system and agriculture. Indeed, the legendary Chwahun family among the Rajputs addressed themselves as the Shishodia dynasty (synonymous to the great Sasanian family of Aryans in Persia). Similarly, the Huns and other German tribes attacked Europe and destroyed Mediterranean's own Western Roman Empire regulated from the Catholic Rome. This is interesting to observe that how again these Aryan stalks destroyed the non-Aryan urban civilization of Western Roman Empire, mixed up with the agrarian locals, accepted many elements from the Roman Civilization they had just destroyed and forgave the eastern part or the Byzantium on Constantinople for its mixed heritage. They left its destruction onto the hands of Crusaders and Islam. Germans went on farming, soon intermixed with the various local folks in West Europe, accepted Catholic Christianity (like the Huns did) and many more things from the Roman Civilization. Might be the same thing had once occurred in India and like the Rajputs and the Indo-Aryans accepted much of Hinduism within their Sanskrit scripture and united the fertility cults with their own belief on fire and male deities. Like the Rajput and the Indo-Aryans, German tribes worshipped several cults, backed feudalism and protected their agrarian economy from the Muslims trying to invade from Spain deep into Europe with their philosophy of trade and Islam. That brought the agrarian Germans and the Catholic Pope of Italy in favor of trade dominance against the Muslim Arabs and Orthodox Greeks of Constantinople. With strong support from Catholic Church, the Germans were able to defeat the Muslims; Catholics removed Islam from Iberian Peninsula of Spain and Rome aided by the Germans established the Holy Roman Empire up to the borders of Poland-Lithuania Duchy; but later disassociated into France, Netherlands, Prussia and Austria-Hungary Empire on the disputed matter of supremacy of Church and State (or from another point of view, between Trade and Agriculture). Prussia (Germany) and Austria returned back to their agrarian economy, but not the dynasties of France or Britain could do so. During the Crusade of Rome against Muslim control over West Asia on the trade routes between Europe and Orient; various States of West Europe therefore took participation and they destroyed the economy of Orthodox Constantinople. The emptiness so formed was then filled up by the Islamic Turks who immediately established full control on the trade running from West Asia and Constantinople and further spread throughout whole of the Byzantium Empire, Mesopotamia, North Africa and Slav nations; the Empire got a trade-oriented figure; it touched the borders of Iran in east and Austria in east: the two Aryan dominated countries where the trade was mostly regulated by the Jews. The center of Islam was shifted to Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) and as the savior of Muslim trade; the Turkish emperor was renowned by the post of Caliph. The Muslim trade continued to compete with Italian ports for the control over Mediterranean where the role of islands like Malta, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica and cities like Barcelona and Monaco became very crucial. After discovery of trade routes through Atlantic Ocean, the Arab dominance in the Mediterranean shifted the trade axis of Europe to further west in Hispaniola, France and Britain. Clashes between Turks and Orthodox Russia became evident on the religious ground and control over the trade routes from Baltic to Black Sea. Islamic occupancy in 15th century pushed the intellectuals way out from Constantinople into West Europe that put a severe impact on Catholic mindset of the Germans. Protestants were emerged out in Germany, France and Britain opposite to the pragmatism laid by the Catholic Church. Like the Orthodox Christianity, supremacy of the State over religion in political matter was highly established which indirectly helped in more expansion in trade opportunities. The dogmatic mindset so formed was actually helped in origin of renaissance, increased the interest in trade, formed the base of extreme capitalism and therefore caused industrial revolution. The highest benefit went to the hands of France, Britain and Netherlands. On the other hand, Spain and Portugal with their Catholic mindset could not compete with the Protestant states in West Europe and got more involved in establishing new colonies and forceful conversion of peoples into Catholic Christianity. They destroyed lots of old tradition, scripture and indigenous knowledge (crucial for a good nature-man relationship). On the other hand, the trade oriented mindset of British and French made them successful to reach every part of the planet, even in the Islamic World. Most of the trade in Germany was held within the hands of Jews and German peoples were still found associated with cultivation. Germans free from the Church were interested in establishing supremacy of Prussia over the trade zones like the Netherlands, Denmark and port of Danzig on Baltic Sea. The same thing the Austrians did by capturing Belgium and Italian ports and coasts of Croatia on Adriatic Sea. That was probably to regulate Baltic Sea. Both the Germans and Russians were in favor of Bourbon control over Sicily and Naples and granted the Turkish control over Greece and Slav. All these approaches might be taken to resist Russians, Slav, Greeks and Polish from participating in international trade through Black Sea, Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea and ports on Belgian coast on the Atlantic. Simultaneously, trade, colonialism, market economy, industrialization and capitalism moved up in West Europe. A middle class society and bulk of intellectuals were developed in the countries like France and Britain with a view in favor of liberalism. That resulted into the emergence of Napoleon (18th century) in France who nearly completely occupied the entire Europe leaving only Britain, another trade center that confirmed its total control over Egypt and South Asia and tried a lot to bring Tibet, China, Afghanistan and Iran at its own favor from the risk factor of Napoleon-Russian intervene. When Napoleon tamed down Prussia and Austria, the British follow the same path by negotiating with Iran (two competing trade based nations tied up with different anti-trade formulae). That was the Napoleon and simultaneous spread of liberalism throughout Europe that caused independence of the entire Meso- and Latin American colonies from the rule of Spain and Portugal within the first half of 19th century (likewise earlier independence of American States from the hands of Britain in 18th century). At the same period, Greece and the Slav countries tried to set free from Turkish Caliph but on religious ground with a direct and moral support from the Orthodox Russia which was also interested to control the trade opportunities in Black Sea, Baltic and the Mediterranean from the Muslim traders and the anti-trade Austrians and Germans. Similar trend was found in Italy against the anti-liberal policy of Bourbon rulers there supported by the Austrians; they were the same Bourbons of France whom the Napoleon had had defeated to come into the power for the sake of liberalism and the middle class intelligentsia. However, the same agro-based and anti-trade standpoint came to see among the Germans as before. The Chancellor Metternich of Austria managed to convince all the Royal Families and the aristocrats in Europe to come with him against liberalism and secure their own interests. Still the anti-liberal attitude did not get much priority and the economic growth on the line of capitalism in France and Britain strengthened the middle class section to become the vectors of liberalism, socialism and republican ideology under the paradox of democracy or at least by means of nationalism. So, instead of all the German and Austrian pressures, that was the trade that attracted both Russia and the Protestant countries in West Europe to the political developments taking place in the Balkan and Greece. The same criterion has now come to see in Darjeeling hills of West Bengal where a sense of nationalism is working on among the hill peoples in the name of Gorkha identity and under dictatorial attitude of their leaders. In the rest part of West Bengal, democracy is facilitating expansion of the middle class, liberalism and socialism within a given frame of capitalist market economy and republican attitude. A stable and sensible Leftist government with certain Marxist values is continuously staying on power for more than the last three decades. Like the division of German and non-German, here a Nepali and non-Nepali segregation could be fully seen in terms of Aryan and Gorkha identity respectively. The Gorkha ideology is extremely related with agrarian and anti-trade economy. On the other hand, Bengal is a land of mixed economy from the hoary past and quite responsible for allowing the formation of certain Buddhist or pro-Buddhist trade-oriented buffers in its borders (including today's Darjeeling hills) and accepted Buddhism, Islam, other egalitarian versions in Hinduism, liberalism, democracy, socialism and even Marxist values within a republican construct where capitalism with certain State regulation is equally valid. On the other hand, there is a full chance of emergence of the issues like racial superiority and hegemony of anti-trade and anti-liberal sentiments in Darjeeling hills. The Nepali dominated hill peoples there are seemingly orthodox and struggling to survive in such a cold condition and show certain fascist trends. The Rajput-sponsored Gorkha identity is somewhat echo of the German ideology of racial supremacy present within Aryan, Iranian and Rajput-Hun heritage of pure domestication. Like the Jews within trade sector in Germany and Iran at past, gorkhaized hill people allowed the Marwari and other Hindi-speaking peoples from the plains of India. Similar to the Slav nations under the subordination of Germans, the local ethnic groups in the Nepal hills from Shipki to Jelep pass with Tibet respected a lot to the Gorkha ideology and self-respect of the Rajputs. These Rajputs were mostly concentrated in the present day Uttaranchal state under India and the western part of Nepal. Like Yugoslavia, these various nations like Tamang, Gurung, Bhujel have united under the territory of Nepal. In pre-Gorkha period in Nepal, the power was concentrated within the hands of foothill states rather than the hill peoples. The Nation States were primarily democratic, liberal and even socialists and had a long history of clash with the Gangetic valley plains purely agrarian and caste-oriented. Like Bengal, trade was an important aspect to the foothill peoples and from there religion like Buddhist originated and till now Muslims are found there. The conquer of Gorkhas over the foothills could be compared to Garman and Hun occupancy over the Western Roman Empire and later formation of a Holey Roman Empire. It has not much rivalry with another agriculture sector of Mithila, the eastern part of Bihar beneath the Nepal foothills; it is comparable to the relation of Byzantine with the Holey Roman Empire. Presence of Sikkim and Bhutan by its eastern side and Shimla and Kangra way to Punjab plains on the west are similar to the presence of Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Poland and France to the eastern and western sides of the Germans. Buddhist Tibet could be compared to Orthodox Russia, whereas Islamized Kashmir-Peshawar-Kabul with Protestant Britain and Catholic Hispaniola. Muslim and British occupancy over Mithila and North Bengal was to the Gorkha House of Nepal similar to the Turkish occupancy on the Slav states that restricted the Russians to expand into the business sector. Gorkhas were in favor of total segregation of the hill peoples from any type of trans-national trade going between Tibet, Sikkim, Bhutan, Koch Bihar and Muslim Bengal (comparable to Russia, Greece, Slav, Near East and Turkish Empire). Involvement of the British and the Sino-Burmese over the trade through Koch Bihar in North East India was similar to the British and French occupation in Near East within West Asia. The British allowance of the gorkahized hill peoples from Nepal to establish their settlements in British Sikkim (Darjeeling hills) and Bhutan Duars (Jalpaiguri district) was perhaps to check the Tibeo-Bhutanese and Sino-Burmese interests in Himalayan and sub-Himalayan trade zone. That was similar to the policy of patronage of the Germans against Russia in World War II (1939-1946). The Maoist political control and the recent abolition of Gorkha House in Nepal are equivocal to the formation of hegemony of Socialists over Russia and the Slav countries that had also affected Germany very much. So, the allegation that the Leftist Government is in conspiracy with China and Pakistan over the controversies regarding former trade routes like Kashmir, Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Darjeeling hills, northern West Bengal, Bangladesh, Indian North East and Myanmar (Burma) is not good. These are the issues regarding trans-national trade between India and China; at a time trade made these regions (including Kashmir, Punjab, Sind, Afghanistan, Tibet, Samarqand in Central Asia, Sikkim, Bhutan, northern West Bengal, eastern Bengal (Bangladesh), Kamrup (Assam), Manipur, Sylhet, Arakan and Burma) very unstable and from time to time, various communities and trade groups tried to monopolize the business here. So, why blaming the Left parties when they are strategically opposing the Nuclear Deal with America superpower in this monopolarized world (handed over from Britain).
At the same time, there is clear evidence that Jelep pass was a trans-national trade route. The pass had a great contribution in development of Bengali Nation, expansion of Islamic and Buddhist heritage and formation of multiculturalism in the entire Bengal Presidency. The Jelep-la (pass) of Sikkim-Darjeeling hills was an important trade route between Tibet and Bengal (undivided). The northern part of then Bengal, commonly known as Paundrawardhana, has now been divided into three major parts, namely northern part of Bangladesh (Rajshahi Division, formerly East Pakistan, highly concentrated by Muslim population), northern West Bengal (or the six districts of North Bengal) and Purnia-Katihar region of eastern North Bihar (Morang/ the northern regions of Purnia along with Janakpur/ the northern part of Trihut are now considered as the integral part of Nepal foothills). The Brahmaputra valley (present day Assam) east to Paundrawardhana was known as Pragyotishpur, another purely Hindu state. West to Paundrawardhana was the ancient state of Trihut. It was ruled from the settlement of Dwarbhanga: the door to Bengal. The local language of Trihut, so called Maithili, has a great influence behind the development of Bengali language. Maithili has also its close affinity with dialects of foothill Nepal. The entire region was named as the Holey ground of Paundrawardhana the earliest state and civilization of Bengal. Dravidian and Proto-Australoid stalks mainly populated it. The rulers of Paundrawardhana were considered as the Paundra Kshattriya who preferred worship of fertility cults. It has been said that King Paundra of Paundrawardhana from his capital in Bagura-Pabna region (now in Bangladesh) ruled over the entire territory of eastern Bangladesh (Banga), southern West Bengal (Sumbha), eastern parts of Choto Nagpur plateau (Anga) and coast of Odissa and Mahanadi delta (Kalinga). The mangroves of Sunder ban of the lower deltas were basically lack of high population demography. Thereafter at a time the Paundras were ousted or marginalized by the legendary Parasurama: symbol of Brahminical Hinduism and the great supporter of the supremacy upon all the castes. Paundras were marginalized into the remote forest areas of Brahmaputra-Ganges delta and Midnapore coast in south; Assam and eastern Bangladesh up to Chitagong, Tripura and Sylhet to east; and Himalayan foothill in north. There in Paundrawardhana were several trade centers at different valleys of the major rivers in the sub-Himalayan region coming down from the mountains. Some rivers fall into Brahmaputra and the rest in Ganges before these two unite to form the largest delta of the world to meet the Bay of Bengal. Prior to the union, these two trade channels are found separated by the centrally located Borendrabhum highlands of Dinajpur (now fragmented into North and South Dinajpur districts of western Dinajpur falling under northern West Bengal and eastern major section that has gone to the Dinajpur district under Bangladesh).
Trade through Jelep-la and these river channels in Paundrawardhana have changed the entire situation. Buddhism and traders noticed their marked presence throughout the entire eastern part of the Indian Sub-continent and most of these excluded Paundras became pro-Buddhists. The business got attached with various ethnic elements and various indigenous states formed time to time in the geography of Sikkim, Bhutan, Tibet, northern West Bengal and Assam. These provinces were as usual as others on the Silk Route and its sub-lanes in Kashmir, Indus valley, Afghanistan, Central Asia (Turan) and Burma all once falling under the Buddhist World. In and around the trade routes through high altitude mountain passes and the tiny river valleys in the foothill region of Himalayas; numerous mongoloid Tribal elements were pushed into and buffers were created between Buddhist China and agrarian North India. The Buddhist influence rapidly reduced in Gangetic plains of North India. Especially after the moderate Gupta kings of later phase and the alliance of Buddhist Harshawardhana of Punjab-North India and rulers of Brahmaputra valley in 7th century; radical Rajput Hindu elements aided by the Gujjars came into the political power over there. Bengal was set free under the Buddhist Palas who implied the rule of Hindu-Buddhist combination. The Muslim Turk-Afghans replaced these Rajputs in 11-12th centuries. These Muslim Turk-Afghans were converted from Buddhism. They pressed the Rajputs into the Rajasthan deserts and the jungles of Central India, Choto Nagpur and western Nepal (Gaharwal hills). There they simultaneously formulated various indigenous Hindu states like of Gonds, Khariars, Korowas, Kshawars in Central India as well as the Gorkhas in Nepal hills both influenced by certain elite families. Gorkhas had an ideology of formation of pan-Himalayan statehood in the name of protection to Hinduism and to incorporate all the Hindu castes, Buddhist, pro-Buddhist folks as well as tribal indigenous elements inhabiting in both the hills and the foothills in this process. Gorkha House of Nepal was the first to emerge out from the hills rather than the aristocrat families of foothills ruling Nepal for millennia. The process of Gorkhaization got famous in the entire territory of Central Himalayas because of the absence of any major trade route from Tibet and only dependence on cultivation and other related economy. The anti-trade and quite orthodox type of Gorkha ideology has actually failed to go beyond the trade routes of Shipki-la in Shimla hills under Punjab-Kashmir trade zone in west and Jelep-la pass to east. The trade through Jelep-la had played an important role in protecting the Buddhist heritage of Bengal alive parallel to the local Hindu traditions overlapped for further 400 years during the period of Pala dynasty (750-1150 A.D.). Palas secured their close politico-economic and religio-cultural ties with South East Asia, Sri Lanka and Tibeto-Burmese belt and even China. The Empire despite of all the attacks from the Rajput elements in southern parts and innovations made by the radical Buddhist or pro-Buddhist in the hinterland of northern West Bengal lasted for long until there was a trade block created by the radical Hindus of South India in Bay of Bengal. Around 11th century the situation was such that the trade between South East Asia and Indian Peninsula was distributed between the two egalitarian versions that were of the Buddhists and the Muslim World. They were the first who could run over Deccan from the extreme south and proceeded to the entire eastern coast; they created a trade block in Bengal that caused separatist movement at northern part of Bengal by the Kaivartha community, connecting Bengal plains with Tibet and regulating the river ways. Fall of Pala Kingdom was significant from various aspects: after a short term rule of radical Hindus from South India, Islam entered into Bengal and entirely replaced all the signs of Buddhism from South and Central Bihar major trade route from North India to ports of South Bengal; agrarian economy of Trihut adjacent to Nepal became a fully Hindu territory (though it could not resist the entry of Islamic heritage in its southern parts near to Ganges); Varanasi and Gorakshpur went into the hands of Muslim rulers of Kara-Manikpur of Utter Pradesh; in protest of Islamic expansion, Nathism was evolved due to syncretism of Hinduism and Buddhism and marked its rapid spread over northern Bengal and Assam up to Manipur; similarly in South Bengal and Trihut, Vaishnavism revived as a major alternative to Islam and rapidly filled up the vacuum created in Odissa, entire Bengal, Tripura, Manipur and Assam; Islam also noticed its spread over entire eastern part of the subcontinent including the delta and even in northern Bengal as far as possible; the elite section of Buddhists took shelter under Islam and Hinduism (as graded into Kayastha, Kashyap and Vaidya); the Shahi traders (existed from the time of expansion of Kushana Turk-Shahi from the trade zone of Iran, Turan and Afghanistan into Kashmir, Indus valley, Punjab, Mathura and Central and North India up to the Rajshahi of North Bengal and the adjacent river ports of Malda, Dinajpur, Bagura and Pabna) accepted Hinduism and were started to be known as Saha in Bengal, Shahu in Odissa and Sau in Bihar-Jharkhand. Besides all these facts, various tribal states were formed around the trade routes like Jelep la and existed long until getting interfered by Gorkha House of Nepal and the British India.
FIG: Northern three districts (Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri and Coochbihar, formerly Koch Bihar) of northern West Bengal (North Bengal incorporating six out of total nineteen districts of the state)
Sikkim and Bhutan were two old kingdoms by the sides of Jelep la. The aboriginal tribes of Sikkim were Naong, Chang and Mon and eventually they were all absorbed by the Mongoloid Lepchas arriving there from Burmese border areas and Khasia hills (Khasia people talk in their very own language considered as a missing link between Mon-Khmer of South East Asia and the Mundari dialects of Central Indian Proto-Australoids). Lepchas have used the same route of lower Assam used by various other tribes like Garo, Bodo, Rabha, Khen, Koch, Mech and Limbu: most of them were primarily animists. On the other hand, Bhutan hills of eastern Himalayas were occupied by the Buddhist tribe of Drukpa coming down from Tibet and controlling over all the 18 river valley trade routes (better known as 'Duars' i.e., doors) the way to enter into Brahmaputra plains of North Bengal and western. South to Duars, indigenous states were formed of Khens, Bodos and Kochs and they all had the background of the wealth coming there through the trans-national trade. The core of these tribes was situated in the present day Coochbihar district (Koch Bihar) of northern West Bengal, a former princely state in British India. Khens ruled from Gossanimari over their state named the region Kamtapur (situated adjacent to Kamrup of western Assam). The name Assam was derived from the Ahom tribe entered in the ancient Pragyotishpur from Buddhist territory of Thailand long ago. Khens ruled in the same time when at the post-Pala period; Muslim Turko-Afghans brought the Islamic influx. These Muslims had the similar notion of trade with Tibet and hence settled their capital at Lakshmanawati and Gour on the bank of Mahananda river major trade channel flowing from Lower Sikkim (now Darjeeling hills of Darjeeling district of northern West Bengal) and then through the plains of western Dinajpur and Purnia-Katihar region up to Gour (present day Malda) where it fell into the Ganges. The two banks of Mahananda established numerous Vaishnava and Islamic settlements. The Darjeeling foothill is a geographic continuation of Morang (mentioned earlier; the eastern part of Nepal foothills taken away from northern Purnia like the Janakpur area cut off from Trihut). This foothill area now demarcated as the Siliguri sub-division of Darjeeling district was never under Nepal and considered as an integral part of Purnia as because of trade. The Siliguri subdivision as well as Islampur subdivision of North Dinajpur district of the western Dinajpur, northern West Bengal were taken from Purnia and again the Purnia-Katihar region of Bihar was once an integral part of Bengal from the date of the ancient state of Paundrawardhana (mentioned above). On the other side, the Darjeeling hill area has now been distributed into three hilly sub-divisions, namely Kalimpong, Kurseong and Darjeeling. Actually, Darjeeling district was constructed by incorporation of Siliguri sub-division along with three hilly sub-divisions. Kalimpong was taken from Bhutan along with the entire Duars by the British authority in 19th century and the rest Darjeeling and Kurseong from Sikkim. River Tista originated from high altitude of Sikkim traverses Kalimpong and Darjeeling on its two sides before entering into Baikunthopur forest that actually segregated Siliguri and Duars from one another. Tista was the actual route from Jelep-la to Jalpaiguri near the ancient sacred place of Jalpesh once settled by the excluded Paudra-Kshattriyas (Rajbansis) there. Later on, the pro-Kushana elements under the king Jalpa established their kingdom there and from His name, the fertility cult of the Rajbansis was thereafter regarded as cult of Jalpesh. Buddhism, Nathism and Vaishnavism up flooded the entire region of Baikunthopur and Jalpesh-Jalpaiguri on traditional heritage of fertility cults. Islam could perhaps put its feet here permanently. This region was always retained under indirect control of dynasties of Koch Bihar (Coochbihar and Rangpur, Bangladesh). But the whole territory west to the Tista-Korotowa joint flow (southwards towards river Brahmaputra at Bagura); the entire region of Dinajpur and Rajshahi plus the enclave made by Brahmaputra and Ganges in Pubna went into the hands of Muslim rulers of Gour. At the eastern side of Tista-Korotowa was Rangpur and Coochbihar which had its continuation in Duars, Kamrup and even Kamaru and Kuchhur further east. The trade from the dumping ground of Bagura to the deltas, Bhati region of the eastern Bangladesh, and Rarh of southern West Bengal went to the hands of Muslim Bengal. But in the coast of Midnapore continuous with Odissa and other business track at Shurma-Kumilla-Chitagong continuous with Kuchhur-Manipur-Tripura-Arakan had exerted a mixed culture of Islam, Buddhism, Vaishnavism, Nathism, caste and local Hinduism and were inhabited by Bengali, Mog, Arab, Turko-Afghans, Burmese and various tribal folks. Burmese government and Arakan always maintained an eagerness in order to establish political control over Manipur, Tripura, Kuchhur, Kamrup, Kamtapur, Kamaru (Assam), Chitagong track, bhati, deltas and even Murshidabad and Malda. From 16th century onwards the Turko-Afghans in Bengal (with their Hindu associates) and Khens in Kamtapur were replaced by Mogul-Rajput alliance and the Kochs respectively. These Kochs were emerged out from the Bodo stalk and from Coochbihar occupied the Khen state. Unlike their fellow brothers under Mech and Limbu categories in Siliguri subdivision plus Morang and Darjeeling hills respectively, the Koch rulers started worshipping Jalpesh fertility cults; made association with the Paundra-Kshattriyas locally modified into the Desi sect; addressed the prestigious title of Burmanas of the kings of Maimansingh of Bhati area, Bangladesh; accepted the Rajbanshi identity as a greater Social Fold including Desis, Barmanas, Paulias, certain Mech and Rabha sects as well as the Muslim fragment spoken off as Nashya Sekh; allowed all kinds of religion in their territory; initiated militarization of the local peasants (similar to the Gorkhaization in Nepal); established marital relationships with Royal Family of Assam and Rajput dynasty of Rajasthan; supported the One India Policy of the Mogul-Rajput alliance rapidly expanding in Bengal; battled long with Buddhist Government of Bhutan so as to establish unanimous control over Duars and ultimately, went into ties with British India and then with the British Raj afterwards 1857. So, gradually the Buddhist and the pro-Buddhist elements of northern parts of West Bengal (existing beyond the domains of Islam and Vaishnavism) were started converting into Hinduism and achieved a higher caste status of Kshattriya. Rajbansis were also present in the Purnia-Katihar region and throughout the northern part of Muslim Bengal and Brahmaputra valley of Assam. After empowerment of the British; the Government took the policy of regulating the trade from Calcutta rather than through Tibet, Jelep-la, northern and eastern parts of Bengal that they decided to control from Darjeeling hill station. They constructed Jalpaiguri district by amalgamation of Baikunthopur, Jalpesh-Jalpaiguri and Bengal Duars; the forestland of Alipur, Boxa and Kumargram were again included under the forest department of Coochbihar. Throughout the Darjeeling hills, terai (foothill) region of Siliguri subdivision and duars of Jalpaiguri and Assam and other parts of North East India; the British established innumerable tea estates and decided to introduce purely agriculturist gorkhaized peoples from Nepal as well as the land alienated bonded labors from Adivasi dominated Central India. Jungle was brought under direct Government control and new agricultural lands were developed and distributed among the Rajbansis and Bengalis. This alternative agro-based economy was very harmful to the traditional trans-national trade and trade regulation process of various non-agriculturist tribal folks living inside the jungles. Like Sikkim, the Buddhist kingdoms of Bhutan and Tibet were brought under indirect control of the British. British restricted the policy of political expansion of Gorkha House of Nepal in Himalaya and the foothills. But at the same time, they utilized the pan-Gorkha ideology so as to perish the tribal and Buddhist control of trans-national trade and thereby introduced purely agrarian economy holders from Nepal within the plantations like tea and cinchona. They also facilitated severe demographic changes. Permanent Settlement System was issued in the villages of Bengal so as to modify crop cultivation a gold mine of investment. Pressure was there so as to make sure that the monetary market economy could become universal. These steps were taken so far for the complete abolition of the trade relations of Bengal with Orient as well as the heritage of cottage industry. No doubt, the anti-trade policy of Gorkhas might influence the mind set of formerly trade-oriented communities (as they are now cut up with the Tibeto-Burmese belt by International borders there). But for a prolonged purpose, the separatist movements in Darjeeling Hills in the name of Gorkha ideology should be checked and the highest degree utilization of the former trans-national trade routes among Bangladesh, China (Tibet Autonomous Territory and southern China), India (especially the North East including northern West Bengal) and Myanmar should be confirmed. This could be the only solution of border disputes and separatist movements allegedly having a terrorist nexus with Global Mechanism of Terrorism. A suitable negotiation between Globalization and Localization from a neutral point of view is equally important here. The Look East Policy of present UPA government at the Center seems to loose its credential and it is now giving the assurance of 31 billion rupee package in the next 11th Five Year Planning so as to develop the communication and the basic infrastructure facilities in the North East and promote country's second Green Revolution. That would be a good approach, but until it does not take any step in favor of opening the trans-national trade routes, nothing is going to be said with accuracy. The whole of the investment could then lead to a blunder. The flood situation control, forest and bio-diversity protection, proper disaster management and river policies are more crucial in this purpose. We have to understand that China, Myanmar and Bangladesh are not our enemy, rather we have close cultural ties and the conflict is actually purely economic. These things have their direct influence behind development of Bengali as a Nation. So, to think that the Left Parties of India are willing to establish separate diplomatic ties with these countries to rule out the improving ties between America and India in the issue of proposed Nuclear Deal is total bogus. Similarly, on the shoulder of Gorkha ideology, the process to cut the Darjeeling hills, the foothills of Siliguri and the Duars in name of Gorkhaland Movement from West Bengal, rather than opening the trade route of Jelep-la is completely against the betterment of the Bengali Nation, local tribes and even Bangladesh and the entire North East.
Now, I should discuss the religious ground behind the Gorkha concept. It would include the competition between Islam and various local and egalitarian versions of Hinduism so as to fill up the gap created due to break down of Buddhism in the Sub Continent. The idea of non-violence in Buddhism was proved to be inadequate for providing safeguard to its peoples and their trade interests and therefore, it gradually became a subsidiary of Hinduism or merged into other perceptions once originated from inside of it. The basis of Islam was purely trade and it was a modified version of the message of peace (like Buddhism and Christianity). It was born to expand throughout deserts, arid and semi-arid zones and other trade routes, if not restricted properly. The Muslim rulers in the sub-continent neither opposed the agricultural base of Indian Civilization nor the caste system running on so far under the feudalistic framework at local levels. And yet they had got a huge bulk of agriculturist population converted into Islam due to Sufism, so not purely attached with the trade. They looked like caste with the hope to check any kind of exploitation under the caste system. These peoples were blamed of not being truly Islamic. The caste system they maintained would be free-ended and non-hierarchical. Muslim elites on the other hand were criticized for looting the temples of Hindu fertility cults (symbol of syncretism of Hinduism on cultivation and Buddhism on trade). That syncretism was very harmful to the existence of pure Buddhism that eventually transformed into Mahayana Buddhism, Christianity and Islam in and around South Asia. However, these ruling classes with the help of their armed forces did so chiefly in order to bring agrarian economy under their subordination, resist further amalgamation with Hinduism and obviously to steal the wealth gathered in those temples for investment purpose. So, in the name of religion, they used to loot the gold for trade. Most of these temples were situated in hills of Kashmir and Punjab, Malwa-Gujarat region, western North India, Deccan, Gondwana and even the extreme south. The Islamic occupancy over Indus River Valley and Bengal was followed by immediate negotiation of the local traders, investment on the fertile agricultural land and superordination of the Muslims in politics. Therefore, a situation was established where there would be no need to capture the wealth gathered in the Temples and the Pagodas. Initially, the Sunni Mosques were highly against such use of the religious institutions for banking purpose. Here they marked their difference from the Siddiquis of Abyssinia as they did so from the Shiites of Aryan stalk and Sufi agriculturists emerged out first in Persia. Further, if we look at in Bengal, Central India (from Bhopal to Hyderabad), Deccan, South East Asia, Indonesia and Africa; we could then found increase in non-Islamic attributes in the society. The cultivators formed majority in further remote and overlapped with the tribal forms as well as de-tribalized communities residing at the jungles. They loved to live freely with their own indigenous beliefs, conducted the commerce according to their wish and adjustment with the environment, politically dominated, militarized themselves often in the name of religion (whenever the situation went against them) and secured their rights over the ecology. Following things have made them highly non-Islamic: disease prone zone affected by muddy rivers with flood lands, dense forests all around, wet and humid climate; involvement of shamans, astrologers, magicians and priests participating in magico-religious performances (dance, play, song, paint and alcoholism); persistence of matrilineal and polyandrous societies. Some sorts of cultural overlapping were held at the local levels between the folk perception and the Great Traditions of Islamic and non-Islamic heritage. Islam had occupied a major portion of formerly Buddhist World, replaced the fertility cults, imposed ban on art and dance (related with seasonal change and agricultural practices), reduced the scope of matrilineality and free mixing, postulated verdict on social equality and good terms between rich and poor and many more. They did all these in order to form a purely non-agriculturist and completely trade-based society. They gave the supreme priority to peace, but simultaneously confirmed the way of iron and sword to meet the agrarian Hindu fundamentalists deteriorating the Buddhist heritage by force. Such a Hindu fundamentalist version was the Gorkha concept.
Actually, there was always a scope of replacing Buddhism by the egalitarian versions of Hinduism, better to say, Vaishnavism. So, we always found a bitter rivalry between Islam and Vaishnavism in scoring the vacuum developed due to Buddhist deterioration. The strict dogmatic attitude of Buddhism was very harsh for the commoners to follow properly and therefore, for the sake of domestic life, compromise was done with the local beliefs. Like Hinduism, the pragmatic Buddhists began to worship various fertility cults and the supreme entity that they prayed to consider their failures in domestic life. The beliefs in fertility cults, malevolent deities and spirits, ghosts and sole were the reason behind the utter occurrence of the prestigious sects like medicine men, shaman, religious guide and the magicians in Buddhism. Religion had already become very much business oriented; their institutes began to behave like educational centers, banks and trade centers (similar to the role of Catholic Church in Christianity). The state economy could not entirely ignore the scopes it was receiving from trade and its religious configuration. Therefore, trade-based Buddhism and agro-based Hinduism eventually came very closer to each other. Fundamentalist mindset was more frequently found in the hills, mountain valleys, plateau, forest areas, arid zones and deserts where only cultivation could not fill up the entire economic need of the common people and therefore there remained always a tendency to go to economic alternatives. In these places, trade seemed to be a better alternative than pure crop cultivation and hence, Islamic ideology had its chance for rapid spread over there. And therefore militarization was an accepted rule among the caste Hindus and it offered the other sub-ordinate caste groups a more prestigious position in the God's Army. In this way, the authenticity of the sects like Kshattriya, Kayastha, Kashyap, Rajput, Chaw-dhari, Gorkha, Suryavanshi, Chandravanshi, Rajvanshi, Nath, Bratya- and Ugra-Kshattriyas was increased enough. A notion of racial supremacy was closely connected with the same. In pre-Gorkha situation, the buffers in Himalaya and sub-Himalayan regions were trade-oriented. That was the British policy to replace them by anti-trade Gorkha buffer in the hills; whereas for the foothills and plains, they selected to establish tea gardens and agrarian rural settlements under their Native collaborators and subordinate businessmen from Calcutta.
This type of conflict between traders and cultivators was nothing new; within the sub-continent that kind of controversies had been seen for long for example between matrilineality and patrilineality (according to the great epic of Mahabharata); between urban civilization and the combination of agrarian sector and forest dwellers (described in the epic of Ramayana); between the citizens staying in Assyria or Indus Valley and the semi-nomadic pastoralists led by legendary Indra who destroyed cities, dams and everything; between the local rulers of India and the orthodox Brahmins gathered under Parasurama; between the agriculturists under Jarasandha and the pastoralists united under Krishna; between the believers of chastity of women and the free-sex societies; between the peoples coming from cold areas praying to fire and the inhabitants of warm and humid areas; between the peoples buried or mummified or ate the brain and meat of their dead and constructed megaliths or at least put a stone piece on the grave in memory of their departed ancestors and the rest practicing cremation; between stone and snake worshippers; between fisherman communities comparing the rivers to snake and agriculturists settling their colonies on the fertile landscape by the riverside and praying the stones as the symbol of fertility and protector from ferocious beasts while hunting and collecting food inside the jungle; between users of stone and copper implements on one hand and the horse-and-chariot riders aided with iron weapons; holders of Sanskritic and Dravidian languages with the rest and so on. Even the famous relativity theory that mass could be converted into energy and vice versa with no partial loss or gain could be determined from the Indian World View where reincarnation is a basic concept: the dead person disassociated within nature is converted into energy which is the sole present everywhere and again takes birth in the shape of an object or a living being until it converts into energy again. The ascribed work (Karma) in one life decided the fate after next reincarnation and therefore, work should be free from all personal aims and wishes (Dharma). Sun is major source of all energy in solar system and energy conversion into light means the ultimate release from all the bondage within this very Dharma Dynamics. As a result of this, peoples are asked for non-violence, think of others without any personal greed and freedom from all emotions and sorrow. Peoples were staying in Indian peninsula from a time when they used to pray to the wheals and big tortoises coming in the costal areas from the depth of Indian Ocean along with the monsoons. With changes in the direction of monsoon rains, what we could see in the desert land of the Arabian Peninsula, gradual replacement of fertility cults was started to be replaced by a purely trade oriented economy and a suitable religion, Islam. Trade routes brought the Arabs and the philosophy of Islam to deserts and arid zones of Africa and costal areas and river deltas worldwide. Muslims of the fertile territories still express a passive honor to the concept of nature's fertility; show relatively loosened social restrictions and worship the burial of local saints. Peoples in the sub-continent are mostly Mediterranean, Dravidian and Proto-Australoid in origin with certain Mongoloid racial elements (chiefly concentrated at the Himalayas and sub-Himalayan territories continuous with the formerly Buddhist World of Far East). Interestingly, peoples with some sorts of civilization have claimed themselves Aryans in respect to the other primitive folk based social groups. The caste hierarchy so formed has another advantage rather than facilitating the simple purpose of division of labor; the more or less close-ended ranking system contributes a lot to unify all these ethnically diverted elements within Indian society. We could see that the egalitarian versions in any part of the world express their hope in equal opportunity and hence, get politically separated into fractions in terms of the various ethnic criteria, viz. language, economy, religious identity and so on. The urban-rural nexus, the caste-class nexus, the majority-minority nexus, the nexus between localization and globalization, certain conflicts between industrialization and domestication, communal and ethnic clashes as well as racial and caste discrimination (highly politicized) are the simple continuation of the India heritage of vigorous conflicts and negotiations between a thesis and its antithesis. So, identification of the Left ideology as pro-Pakistan and pro-China and considering China and Pakistan the constant threat to India and its sovereignty are actually absurd. The plan to cut West Bengal into pieces could not delete the Marxist values among the peoples running in their hearts even before the postulation of Marxism as a book. Rather it would exert harmful impacts up on development of entire Bengali Nation. The idea of blackmailing the West Bengal Government on the issue of Gorkhaland Movement so as to tame down the Left Parties of India and make them express their support to the proposed Nuclear Deal is totally unjustified.
A message has been sent to the World People that the UPA led Central Government of India ruling on the support of Left Parties from outside is working behind the political destabilization in West Bengal. For the last three decades the Left Parties are ruling the state legislative assembly and majority of Members of Parliament (MP) to both Houses of the Indian Parliament from this state are of the Left. The main party in UPA is Indian National Congress (INC) that has a strong political rivalry with the Left especially in the state politics. In the center, INC-led UPA is getting support from the Left so to keep their common enemy BJP (the political wing of VHP, a Hindu Fundamentalist organization) out of the power. Left have their opinion that BJP is more harmful than INC both proceeding allegedly on the blind path of uncontrolled foreign investment equipped with rapid privatization. However, Left and INC are working together to defend BJP on the basis of Common Minimum Program. The rapidly increasing price of petroleum and essential commodities worldwide creates a serious problem in front of the Global People. American currency is running in WMF and World Bank; all other countries, mostly the developing and underdeveloped countries, are taking loans from these institutions in US dollar (about 41%) and this has made a situation where 65% of total foreign currency of the world is in US dollar. Huge burden of loan is held on the each head of these countries. So, the market economy of USA is allegedly responsible for the present unstable situation; any politico-economic crisis in the oil producing OPEC countries is enough proof for such things. More self-sufficient at the domestic growth more independent in making foreign policies could be the only way to get rid of this situation. India's internal growth still depends up on agricultural production, cottage industry, cooperatives, mines, its internal market, nationalized industries, banking and development of human resource. Still there are communities staying outside the proper market economy. Meanwhile, Left that has an ideological clash with the economic imperialism of American capitalism but now could not resist itself from the trend of Global Market Economy and velocity caused by liberalism specifically seen in the urban and semi-urban areas of the country. Left often criticizes the American economic policies and their wish to establish a control over the OPEC oil fields through the American Multinationals and puppet governments there (in the name of abolishing the evil power against Christianity, America and the World Humanity). That is the same humanity issue for what they often go into such an inhuman way of bloodshed in the Muslim countries of West Asia. Response to that, some radical Islamic organizations are arranging for the Holey War Jihad. America also opposes the remnants of the so called Socialist World anymore. We could say that INC is planning to form a give and take policy with Bush administration of America on the basis of Nuclear Deal so that both of them could become national heroes and stay in power in their respective countries on peoples' vote. For this long term planning, INC could be criticized for approaching on such a deal that is not going to provide immediate benefit to India's Energy Sector and would only fulfill a short desire of country's electricity requirement. Like oil, the country then has to buy Uranium from the countries under NSG. Anytime these countries could stop the supply on their wish. India could not go further on its own nuclear research program related to defense and perhaps connected to its programs to create energy from Thorium. And above all year-by-year India has to be granted by the USA Senate and the President with a character certificate in order to get the fuel and the related technologies up to date. So, India has to make America happy and to do this, it has to change its basic foreign policies and perhaps loose its sovereignty without any war. The cage might be golden, but we have to behave like subsidiary alliance like Hyderabad Nizam or Maharaja of Kashmir in 19th century British Raj. America could thereby establish a stronghold over Indian economy with the help of some Indian Corporate Sectors and even utilize the Indian defense mechanism against the Muslim World trying to establish itself as one of the alternatives in the World Politics with both its good and bad images.
From my point of view, I must support the senior scientists of our country that we need alternative source of energy like atomic power. But it is a shame on us that we have failed to manage the technologies on our own so that we could create power from Thorium of the monazite ore found in Kerala coast richest in the world. Nor we could take any real good step in favor of Uranium research program on our own and we have all to depend on the Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG) the club that has the only legal rights to provide nuclear technologies and the fuel. The group has already imposed ban on Uranium supply to India and expressed its worry that India could use the supplied Uranium for generating electricity in defense purpose. So, unless and until India is either signing in NPT or CTBT or drawing a clear line between its civilian and non-civilian nuclear reactors and if it agrees to produce electricity in the civilian ones under the inspection of International atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), only then it would be possible for the NSG to supply Uranium for only the civilian plants. The developed countries blame the other countries like India for polluting the environment and at the same time they do not let these countries to do own scientific experiments or to use their own Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) appropriately: IKS could prove itself as the gateway to alternative non-subsistent type of economy at the direction to Communism or State Capitalism. The developed world is sure that progress could only be achieved through industrialization, market economy, equity, investment, credit society, modernization and technological breakthrough. Moreover, there is a strict allegation that the developed countries are being allegedly involved in targeting lands of the developing and underdeveloped countries for production of their goods and set up industry that they could not establish in their own country for certain harmful impacts on human society and the nature. Some other causes are there and these are resource availability in high quantity, cheap labor, poor technology, high level demand in market, requirement for low cost undergrad products and no such strict bar on environment control. But these are not so easy for the developed countries. These developing countries have earned at least certain amount of self-respect and self-potency to promote foreign policies; developed the bulk of intellectual middle class and secured its sovereignty, constitution and legal provisions as well as got membership in various political and non-political organizations worldwide. Of them, certain states have strong faith in secularism, nationality, multiculturalism as well as democracy. This nexus between developed countries and the rest could be viewed from the same angle that we have used in the stories of Ramayana, Mahabharata, Krishna, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam or the economics on agriculture and trade, industrial revolution, capitalism, feudalism, slavery, communism, socialism and also from so many battles taken place between various communities as well as civilizations equipped with languages, ideologies, belief, sentiments and weapons. America in the Nuclear Deal (123 Agreement) could support India's stand not to sign in NPT surrounded by various nuclear states. Moreover, the agreement could allow the Uranium supply to India if it not transferred the fuel from the civilian sector to the defense sector and in is up on India to manage Uranium separately from any other source for its further defense activities. In this way, the Uranium market in India for civilian purpose would open to NSG, especially USA. But, the controversy arises only at that moment when the USA Senate issues particular Hyde Act against full-fledged implementation of its own 123 Agreement to be held for 40 years. There would be provision in the act that if India ever tries to approach on its nuclear experiments on defense or blasts any nuclear bomb; it has to return all the technologies, instruments and fuel (or fuel money) it has ever utilized. That means non-proliferation without signing the NPT. Moreover, India has to submit annual report on any kind of nuclear experiment to the USA Parliament on the basis of what it would get a yearly character certificate from USA that everything goes on right direction. India has to modify its foreign strategy according to the interest of USA, especially in case of Iran, Tibet Autonomous Territory, Myanmar and China. The importance of India in the subcontinent and Asia is then going to increase at an abrupt scale and the country could therefore establish itself as an alternative to China in Asian perspective, but at bless or friendship of USA (likewise of former USSR until 1980s). The Nuclear Deal does not mean that India is approaching towards the formation of a Multipolar World, but it is actually helping the monopoly of USA at the cost of Iran and stopping China to become the first key to that Multi-Polar System. If we look at history, then we get that whenever China grew faster, it increased its business interests in the subcontinent. And business with the West seemed to be good for India and vise versa. Even it had helped India bringing the whole Orient under Buddhism. And India had to do all these things with the assistance of foreign involvements like Kushanas, Turk-Afghans, Rajput-Mogul alliance and Europeans. Indian growth was helpful in prosperity of Babylonia, Near East, Greeks and Slav, Abyssinia, Romans, Byzantium, Turkey, Arabs, Holey Roman Empire and West Europe (sometimes at the cost of India's own loss). So, the deal might enhance India's priority in Asia on that age old policy of India-West combination (if not subordination) against the political developments in China and Islamic World. If the Deal does no harm to India's Sovereignty, then it is also not going to do any favor to its dream of becoming any 'pole' in World Politics but in Asian context with some major impacts worldwide. The 123 Agreement is the form of friendship and the Hyde Act is the scope of American superordination. It is India's efficiency to convince the NSG and IAEA, if America takes any action against it according to the Hyde Act. Options are: India could clarify that it has to go on its nuclear defense mission because it would help to stop unilateral growth of China, a nuclear power, and therefore is in favor of India, India-West combination and world humanity; secondly, it is not a member of NSG and still nuclear fuel is supplied to it for its civilian reactors; thirdly, it is not using the supplied Uranium to its military nuclear reactors; fourthly, it is not bound to maintain America's Law and Constitution; fourthly, it could increase defense ties to USA and NSG; fifthly, it could go into separate defense agreements for alternative Uranium supply to its Fast Breed Reactors for defense purpose; sixthly, it is running its civilian reactors under the observation of IAEA; seventhly, provision would be there if any country (including USA) cuts off the nuclear fuel supply or creates any kind of obstacle on alternative supply lines from other countries of NSG; eighthly, India is not obliged to tell the US about all its research programs and would be a friendly cooperation between these two countries on all the sectors of education, scientific research and technology; and ninthly, each and every country within NSG has its own Constitution and Law (like India has its own) and full authority to decide on whether to supply the nuclear fuel or not and if there emerges such a problem in certain altered political situation, discussion could be held under bilateral protocol or IAEA, UN.
The electricity production from the atomic energy is related to some other issues also: high cost in setting these plants, safe handling of radioactive elements, chances of accident in using fast-breed, safe placement of the radioactive ash, high price of such electricity and coverage of only a small amount of the total requirement. Clearly, it is a moral fight between Bush administration in America plus INC-led UPA and Left Front (Capitalistic Imperialism in the name of Globalization and the Socialistic elements working under global capitalist market framework). Atomic Energy and nuclear bombs have now become a symbol of superiority over the rest. It is being demonstrated as the future energy sector. Many countries (inside and outside the American Lobby) are conducting nuclear research programs today. America being a Superpower (and also a strong believer in the process of Americanization through the pathway of Global Capitalism) thinks that economic monopoly over the entire market system would be the only way to provide benefit to the peoples of USA and its associates who love consumerism and favored the Capitalists and Multi-National Companies. America could not bother any country outside their political or defense lobby or not signed in CTBT/ NPT or not opening its market to the Global Capitalist Market for the MNC: the main scope for America to flourish out. Any state outside its lobby, especially Iran (practicing its independent nuclear research, whether for peaceful purpose or strengthening its defense) is considered as fascist or a serious threat to World Humanity, Global Capitalist Economy and Supremacy of USA. The tendency has increased rapidly in America particularly after 9/11 has happened. No doubt, the Americans are all patriots and on their own responsibility have dedicated to bring the Bush in power as he is the only personality who according to them has the right ability to end up all the elements responsible for 9/11 and similar other threat. But neither they nor their market economy are ready to realize that they have their equal responsibility for 9/11. It is the trade-based economy of both the side that creates competition, bitterness, rivalry and war among the religions like Islam, Catholic Christianity and Orthodox World that for some period got transformed into Socialist Nation. We also know the responsibility of Capitalist Economy behind the rivalry between the Socialists and the Muslims when Mujahiddins in Afghanistan went against Socialist ideology of Soviet Union (USSR). And now the same radical Muslim ideology in form of Taliban went against implementation of Global Capitalist Economy in the same Afghanistan. Today elements like Islam, Iranian Supremacy and the Arab Nationalism are getting their heads up against Americanization and the Global Capitalist Market Economy. I think that they are not against the process of Globalization or America. If we see very closely, then we would find out that the Arab Nationalism has itself a close relation with trade in past history when they used to regulate all the business from Orient to Europe; Buddhist World to Mediterranean; Africa to Europe. Islam evolved as the third option of Buddhism and Christianity and it has its base inside the trade economy. Like the Catholics of Hispaniola spreading over the New World at a later date with the message of Christianity among the aborigines of their trade colonies; Arab traders had tried to establish the rule of Islam over the entire World wherever they had reached in some new place and if ecology let them even a single scope to spread their message. Islam established its strong control over a major part of the Buddhist World and amongst the Christians living in semi-arid regions with a harsh life. Probably dance forest, humid climate, heavy rainfall and pure agriculture, free mixing and polyandrous social systems are some features that could not let Islam successful in spreading among all (like in African jungles, South Asia, South East Asia, Far East, Germans, most of the Slav Nations, West Europe and Tibet). Emergence of Hindu Cholas in Indian Peninsula and their monopoly over Bay of Bengal and Malacca not only caused harm to the Buddhist Trade in the Orient and inspire the Rajputs in India, but also reduced the Arab control over World Business and therefore a negative impact was fallen over their try to conquer the Europe from Spain. Against that Muslim aggression; Catholic Church of Rome and businessmen of Italy suddenly got the opportunity to come close to the agrarian Germans and form the Holey Roman Empire that announced Crusade against the Muslim World to turn over the trade in Mediterranean and beyond in their favor and even destroy the Christian Byzantium (the main business hope for the Orthodox World of Greeks, Slavs and Russians from the Mediterranean to the Baltic and Black Sea). Fall of the Cholas in India in 12th century again enhance the Muslim traders and that had an indirect effect over cleavage between Pope and the State, return to traditional agriculture for the Germans, marked reduction in the power of Catholic Church and Italian business, strengthening of Russia and Slav-Lithuanian combination in East Europe, and lastly, Turk occupancy over the major trade zones like Byzantium, Crimea, Samarkent, Kabul, Rajput North India and Bengal gone into the hands of radical Hindus. Turks in Byzantium were actually favored by the Germans who did not want to form a Church-State combination against that Islamic aggression that would led them to the edge of agriculture to trade transformation. They did not want to let trade to reestablish their hegemony in Europe from any of the two sides: Italy plus the Catholic States and secondly, Orthodox Russia with Lithuania-Slav combination. The European business therefore moved to further west and chose another route through the Atlantic. The non-Catholics of the westernmost parts of Europe caused emergence of total capitalist market economy, middle class, market demand and industrial revolution, liberalism, end of the anti-trade dynasties, socialism and republican ideology, democracy and nationalism. All these things were not acceptable in full for the trade-oriented states falling under the Orthodox World of East Europe and they were more in favor of Socialism within the frame of Nationalism and dictatorship of a National Hero. Later, theory of Marx became a major support for allowing the fruits of industrialization among the peoples habituated within their agro-based economy and traditional way of business under an Orthodox mind set. Germans were the last to move into the lines of industrialization and that was a transformation for them; they had no alternative path rather than to establish their claim of racial supremacy and bring the whole World under their control. That Aryan attitude was regarded as fascism in the West and on failure of that process; Germany got divided into Socialist and Capitalist World for further self-experimentation. Again, Indo-Iranians have a similar notion like those of the Germans in contrast to the role of Dravidians, Mediterranean, Abyssinians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Turks and Mongols under the circle of business. So, the reality is that in Eurasia there are four different ideologies crazy to get rid of one another: Islamic (trade oriented and closed), Orthodox (socialistic and closed), Aryan (productive but anti-trade) and Liberal (capitalist and trade-oriented); all actively or passively interested in the politics of Balkan and West Asia. From that sense, in India, all these characters are present and have overlapped with one another. The Buddhist World and Communist China are actually a part of the Orthodox. But the Americans are not ready to see their problems with Arabs or Islam or the others from that point of view. So, we get a two sided pressure quarrelling between them: one is the Global Capitalist Market Economy of America and its allies and on the other hand, exists the Islamic Fundamentalists which the USA once funded to set oil fields of the Arab World out of any intervene from the Soviet led Socialist side (Orthodox). The terrorist wing of each of these Fundamentalists could not check itself from its physical expansion; they fund in the name of Jihad against the Western World (Liberal, now controlling most of the oil trade in the Gulf) and other opposing sides; invest in Open Market indirectly (through Under World) and in this way, established a passive control over International Market through banks and share markets (in the same way the Corporate Houses and MNCs do). And believe it or not, still there existed a constant war like situation on this age-old nexus of trade and non-trade likely to see in Kosovo, Palestine, Chechnya, Kurdistan, Shiite-Sunni clashes, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Libya, Algeria and Indonesia under the Muslim World. Similar are the issues of Assam and Indian North East (trade oriented and quasi-closed), Tibet (Orthodox) and Gorkhaland (productive but anti-trade). These things are very much sentimental and related to economy, trade and anti-trade, ethnicity, culture, religious institutes, ideology, localization, separatism, autonomy and independence, indigenous rights and aboriginality. Of the latter three, Gorkhaland has the most resemblance with German or Iranian type (Aryan Type/ Fascism) that is the most harmful to both the Liberal attitude (capitalistic and trade-oriented) as well as the Orthodox mode (socialistic and closed) which are colliding with each other and trying to come into negotiation in the rest parts of West Bengal. The extreme left (Naxalites and the Indian Maoists) are showing some kind of purely Orthodox attitude and protested against that kind of negotiation. Agitations against land alienation for industrialization have come to see from various parts of the West Bengal. Even there is the chance of forming a combination of Orthodox and Aryan types (in proposed Gorkhaland area in Darjeeling district and Duars) and again of Orthodox and Islamic types (Muslim dominated clusters) against that Orthodox-Liberal combination. So, the real question is that whether any external element is backing the Gorkhaland Movement and Muslim agitations directly or indirectly so as to make it an international issue or a national crisis or problem for the state where the Left Front Government (progressing into Orthodox-Liberal combination) would calm down, control its hard liners opposing against the hegemony of Liberals (in the shape of Nuclear Deal) and get ready to support the Global Market Economy in total favor of American interest and the MNC in Indian Market.
From this point of view, the Gorkhaland Movement and other political disturbances (related to the issues of land alienation for industrialization in various parts of West Bengal for the last one year) are enough to form pressure on the ruling Left Government and ensure a safe stand for the opposition parties (whatever their ideologies) in the state legislative assembly and for the media, the NGOs and the intellectuals. It has created an ideological dilemma between the orthodox hardcore and liberal reformers within the Left; questions were raised that whether the way of industrialization was a blind imitation of Chinese Model or negotiation of the Left ideologies with Global Market Economy led by America or if there would be any possible way to secure own ideology and political identity through positive and fruitful utilization of Globalization. Capitalism was there form much before the formation of USA and occurrence of industrialization in 18th century Britain and France. It is impossible to abolish capitalism of any kind within the framework of a complex civilization until the society goes back to folk life ideal for true communism. Abolition of Jelep-la trade route, border problems with China, partition of India, break down of Pakistan to form Bangladesh with majority of population being Bengali-speaking Muslims, lack of land connection of Bangladesh and rest Pakistan with the Tibetan Autonomous Territory under China, introduction of Nepali speaking population and Adivasi communities into these tea gardens, replacement of trade by agriculture and agro-based industry, demographic change, historicity, ethnic sentiments and mostly, the ideology of Pan-Gorkhaization throughout the Himalayas are behind the political problem like Gorkhaland movement where the hill peoples (local or migrated) forcefully or whole heartedly supporting the Gorkha dignity and Gorkhaization process (despite of all clashes between trade and agriculture). The Movement is said to be originated from Plantocracy that was actually politically motivated status movement of the Nepali-speaking low graded Matowali sub-castes (primarily Orthodox, but under treated by Aryan ideology) in-migrated first as the tea garden laborers in Darjeeling hills with the help of the British (the Liberal), perhaps to dilute the impact of local traders (Orthodox). These peoples were enrolled in the army of British India and then in independent India as under Gorkha Regiment (a Liberal and quasi-Aryan Orthodox combination against purely Orthodox). The name Gorkha is here applied as a Hindu ideology initiated by the Gorkha House of Hindu Nepal and here it is all dedicated to save the motherland that provides food to them. The migrated Matowali peoples from Nepal have established themselves as the Gorkhas and confirmed their dominance over the late coming clean castes (the true holder of Gorkhahood as they did not accept cow meat or alcohol), Buddhist elements from Nepal and Tibet, local peoples like Lepchas and Limbus and Drukpas and the business communities from various parts of India. Gorkha identity has got its popularity and it seems like a Utopia for these Nepali-speaking peoples and their associates. The Nepalis were also present in the tea gardens and neighboring villages of Duras (divided into Assam and northern West Bengal) as well as Siliguri foothill (Morang or Terai). But here in the plains, they have to adjust with the multicultural situation as a minority population. Their political activities have been declared suspicious in Bhutan the Buddhist country (fully Orthodox) and against the Bhutanization process in contrast to the Gorkhaization process of Darjeeling Hills. The scholars of Gorkhaland movement consider the Duars peoples especially the Adivasi immigrants quite similar to the Modesias of Nepal terai (foothills). They have confirmed the existence of Rajbansi peoples in the Morang region of Nepal terai and hence demand the Rajbansi villages of Siliguri terai and entire Duars (overlapped with Mech, Koch, Rabha and Bodo) as their ascribed fundamental right to show under proposed map of Gorkhaland. They criticize the huge scale migration from Bangladesh into West Bengal (probably in order to justify huge level infiltration in the hills and foothills, especially in and around the tea gardens of northern West Bengal and Assam). They are refusing to understand the fact that from long before partition, Bengalis are living on both the sides of the international boundary of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India; whereas the Gorkha peoples or gorkhaized elements are totally absent in the place. From 1988 onwards, there has been an autonomous hill council, namely Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (DGHC), incorporating the three hilly subdivisions, but it could not satisfy the hope for a separate statehood for the Gorkhas in Darjeeling hills of West Bengal. Nor the council could do enough to provide better quality governance and subsequently gets involved into large scale corruption. The ruling party there GNLF has even decided to form an autonomous council according to the provision of Sixth Schedule of Indian Constitution where a region could be promoted with special powers under a state, if 60% of the population there could be fallen under the tribal category (irrespective of scheduled and non-scheduled typification). From this sense, the hill peoples, specifically the Nepalis, with majority of them being gorkhaized sub-castes and considering themselves as pure as the Aryans, could not be directly fallen under the scheduled tribe or even the tribal category. They should oppose any process of tribalization to make the gorkhaized peoples united together with non-Gorkhas, Buddhists and animists under the same flag. On the other hand, the Sixth Schedule is also important as it has the credibility to give similar priority to all the Gorkhas, gorkhaized, Buddhists, Tibetan and Bhutias, indigenous, tribes and other minorities living in the hills under an enlarged banner. At the same time, GJMM, a new fraction from the same GNLF, desperate in establishing its political monopoly in the hills was formed and replaced the GNLF. This GJMM has been succeeded to attract all the attention of the hill peoples and especially the GNLF supporters (quite confused with the process of de-Gorkhaization). This new movement gets a new pace in the name of separate statehood. They have planned to get through the path of peace, brotherhood, mutual understanding, non-violence, and democratic approach and according to the Constitution. The process clearly shows a try to incorporate the Orthodox values within Gorkha ideology. They have appealed with a fresh demand to incorporate the forest and tea garden areas in Duars along with the entire Darjeeling district in their proposed Gorkhaland map. GJMM is trying to get support from other political parties that want their own homeland in the name of Koch Bihar and Kamtapur (mentioned above) and separate northern West Bengal into pieces. These elements have mistaken in their approach: they are the Orthodox and not the Aryans; most of them are part of Bengali society or ruled on it locally; the reason behind formation of their states was the wealth coming through trade and Gorkha ideology is acting opposite to it. It is the same thing as the Gulf politics: the Arabs on Persian Gulf and the Arab Sea coast have formed separate states on the basis of the huge bulk of ransom they are getting from trade of gold, oil and tourism and opposite to that Iran, productive and non-trade, goes on its own way. However, GJMM have accused West Bengal Government, the ruling Left Front, and CPI (M) the exploiters of Nepalis, Rajbansis, Adivasis and other tribal communities and minorities of entire West Bengal on the basis of castes, ethnicity and religion. There may be some anger and some emotion present within the nexus between majoriterians and minoriterians, but why there would be such a conspiracy by the Liberal groups (INC plus America) and Aryan elements (BJP and former Gorkha House of Nepal). These things are extremely active in destroying the heritage of class movement, communal harmony, land distribution, investment in nationalized banks or business rather than in farmlands (major obstacle in front of land distribution system), protection to the indigenous agricultural knowledge system, movements in favor of social equality (Orthodox type- socialistic but less closed). Here, Left Front in West Bengal follows the rules and ideologies like Secularism, Democracy, upliftment of the poor and lower middle class, industrialization, fruitful utilization of the capitalist economy within the paradox of globalization, orientation of currency input among all the peoples within a region and Marxism. The synthesis of thesis and anti-thesis as well as dogmatic and pragmatic views is the most prominent feature in the state. Here, the protest is less tried to be condemned than has been subjected as the propaganda and from time to time external elements try to make their game. Like Gorkhaization, here goes the concept of Communism, but for the sake of growth in the Civilization, everyone has to think on the reality ground.
Returning back to the Indian politics, here comes to see the state wide activities of Trinamul Congress (TMC) formed as a fraction of state-level INC in 1998. The party has now only one MP at the Parliament, but it has successfully authorized it as the main opposition force in the state legislative assembly. It criticizes the ruling Left Front of making its vote banks (such as, Muslim vote bank, Dalit vote bank, Tribal vote bank, caste vote bank, Rajbansi vote bank, Adivasi vote bank, Nepali vote bank, Bihar vote bank, Bangladeshi vote bank and so on). The basic policy of the Left is to unify all these elements of Indian society for the sake of their economic improvement on the line of class struggle and not to separate them so that they start quarrelling to make one's own supremacy (approach from Orthodox to Radical/Aryan/Fascism). When a party works for the peoples, permits to stay the excluded peoples or peoples coming here from other states or the refugees from other countries for better opportunity and security, tries to uplift the proletariat class up to the grade of middle class, acts to generate alternative job for the large bulk of unemployed peoples, tries to apply the good direction of processes like globalization, modernization, urbanization and industrialization among the common peoples staying at a remote villages in a more sustainable way, makes plans for minority communities and the backward section according to the Constitution as well as on its own; then such 'vote banks' arise automatically in its favor. Every political party has its moral right to protect such type of vote banks from harmful propaganda and maintain all the sides so no blame of partiality could be implemented. And that is the point where fundamentalists, communal forces, radical caste leaders, separatists and foreign enemies try to misguide the peoples and break the social harmony into pieces. It is not all the America, Imperialism, National Politics and Sate Politics responsible for such a notion of Gorkhaland. Even when an educational institute or a factory has been constructed, the direct benefit might not go to the local peoples; but the township or even a quasi rururban center gradually developing out there and promoting lots of opportunities is actually the benefit to the society; the state machinery could then have a suitable amount of human resource and middle class intellectuals for further utilization in a more concerned way, in a well-equipped manner and with all the sustainability. Instant and in-depth communication with formal and informal sources and impartial analysis of those facts are highly required at this stage. If not, then the factors like TMC-led opposition and the separatists (agitating with arms or in a so called 'democratic way') and cleavage within the Left unity would cause the displacement of Left Front from the domain of Political Power. Some could connect this situation with the Leftist protest against Nuclear Deal between West Bengal Government and America and America's growing concern over presence of huge market and availability of cheap labor in India and its wish to establish a stronghold over entire Asia on the coffin of the Orthodox tradition, Radical Fundamentalists and Islamic outfits. I think that Marxism is a scientific explanation of Buddhism and thereby it is still so famous in the Communist ruled China and plural identity of West Bengal (now both moving on a more or less Orthodox line with a positive attitude towards controlled Liberalism). These two places were directly connected through Jelep-la the hope for trade and cultural exchange. Marxism is actually against the political division of peoples, specifically the poor, in the name of religion and ethnicity (so looked like trans-national attitude of Islam or Buddhism or the Catholics to some extent). It tries to grab peoples' attention about the deleterious effects often played by the religious institutions in the name of peace and love but actually for trade, economy, cultivation, values and rules and regulations (in a situation of limited recourse, restricted energy or capitalist market economy). That was the Buddhist theme of peace and non-violence used by Mahatma Gandhi of INC in order to set India free from British Raj. Central Politics in New Delhi is still going on with some saying that Left parties are aliening with India's enemies like Pakistani intelligence (ISI), Islamic fundamentalists (responsible for blast in Indian Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan Capital) and China; they are indirectly helping to the communal forces like BJP and provoking caste politics inside India; they are misguiding the Muslim community of India on Nuclear Deal by highlighting it as a conspiracy against the Muslim World. But what we could see is that anyone opposing the deal in India is going to get punishment and so happened in case of BJP in Rajasthan and CPI (M) led Left Front in West Bengal (these governments are facing political unrest in these two states). That does not mean that these two parties are willing to joint hands and postulate a common minimum program to abolish the UPA. Radical approaches and crucial steps have been taken in various parts of India, such as, ULFA (the main separatist organization in North East India that has not come yet with any formal negotiation with the INC-led Assam state or central government); Naxalites (extreme Left: active in INC-led Jharkhand state and has attacked on joint police force of INC ruled Andhra Pradesh in Odissa); Kashmiri extremists (on the issue of forest land alienation in Kashmir valley ruled by INC led alliance); Hindu extremists (especially in the INC led states like Madhya Pradesh taking a shape of communal clash); Islamic extremists (in Afghanistan outside India). Pakistan approaches a few steps so as to set free its senior Nuclear Scientist accused for trespassing technologies to North Korea, Iran and Libya the three most suspects threat to Humanity in eyes of America and the West. Pakistan warns America that any kind of army aggression in its territory from Afghanistan and NATO force there in name of search of Talibans would be taken seriously. Iran has announced that any step against its sovereignty would increase politico-economic instability in West Asia and it could stop all the American Ships in the Gulf. India has to explain its stand in Arab League. America argues India to intervene inside the politics of Myanmar (Burma) and Tibet Autonomous Territory in China. Road transport has been stopped recently against the Petroleum hike and now the UPA is seeking support from the Sikh leaders of truck associations and Punjab (with the highest Sikh concentration) in favor of the Prime Minister who is himself a Sikh and has a good work experience in World Bank giving loans to the poor countries in US dollar. INC led UPA has no objection in taking support from their strong opposition, SP (a party alive on the support of Muslims and OBC category), in Uttar Pradesh state (UP) where it has decided to alley with INC and RLD (also a caste based political party) to fight back against BSP (empowered on the votes of Dalits and Upper Caste) in next Central Election. Like the Left, the Nuclear Deal has faced a strong opposition from BSP that is in power of UP and has taken back its support from UPA-led Government on the issue of price hike in food and essential commodities. BSP criticizes the deal as anti-Muslim and anti-Iran and in this way is in a try to collapse the Muslim support of its major rival SP in UP; SP has been broken all its ties with its own national-level political alliance UNPA and planned to group with INC and RLD against Mayawati, the Dalit Queen and supreme of BSP trying to expand itself beyond UP and gone into alliance with all the parties like BJP, INC and even SP in either state or national level politics (or both). Now administrative and legal actions are being taken against BSP as provoked by INC-SP alliance in center after the Left Front has been decided to turn back its 4-years long support from UPA on issue of presence of gray matters in the Nuclear Deal, price hike, American imperialism, country's sovereignty, independent foreign policies (with Iran including) and alleged procedure of destabilizing the country and counter-destabilization. The government is hopeful to prove its majority in Parliament by July 22, 2008 with the help of SP and some other small parties and stay its Government for 5-year full term and further approach into that controversial deal even with active or moral support from some parties of NDA (the BJP-led opposition alliance in center).
The political crisis of INC-led government in Jammu and Kashmir state (long demanding for its autonomy) has been created on the same issue of forest land acquisition by the Government and giving it to the Shrine Board of Amarnath cave a famous pilgrim center of Hindu fertility cult situated onto the ancient trade links of the Kashmir valley where most peoples have now been converted into Islam with their deep respect to Sufism. The peoples at a time were Buddhists and transported the Chinese goods from Tibet to today's Pakistan and Sind at Arabian Sea shore. The Muslim leaders, even of the separatist organizations, have confirmed the Amarnath Shrine Board that they have no enmity with the Hindu pilgrimage and that kind of protest is often seen in various parts of the Globe for the sake of protection to the Nature. That might be a passive response of the Muslim World (including Indian Muslims) telling the Left Front Government in West Bengal that they are beside the State Government dedicated to restore the harmonious pluricultural atmosphere there after a year-long clash vigorously occurred on the political and the moral ground throughout the last one year on the issues of land alienation, negotiation with the Global Market Economy and MNC, corruption, non-governance and so called discrimination of the minorities (both religious and ethnic) from the peoples, fundamentalists, extremists, separatists, opposition, various Radical elements (viz. Naxalites and GJMM on Gorkhaland issue), anti-Marxist and anti-Left, core Orthodox within the Left and strong supporters of the Nuclear Deal at every level. The Left Front government throughout the year has been repeatedly blamed in the name of polluting the nature, creating artificial flood, damaging rivers and water resources, killing innocent peoples, neglecting the minorities and arranging a civil war (between Orthodox-Radical and Orthodox-Liberal). They have been directly criticized for causing land alienation of huge bulk of peasants and dependent landless labors and nothing doing for the unemployed mass without any discussion or plans for alternative package of job guarantee and settlement. The opposition has further added that the Government is specifically targeting the fertile lands inhabited by the Muslims and various Hindu caste groups, basically the Paundra Kshattriyas in South Bengal by the riverside, cultivated twice or thrice. But they have forgotten one thing that how many cities and towns have ever developed on such fertile lands by the rivers of Bengal and what was their impact in construction of a Nation. Why the people of Bengal would feel proud of having only one Calcutta (Kolkata) and not more! These rivers were once used as certain trade channels and the concentrations of Muslim population and Paundra Kshattriya mass (pro- Buddhist elements) were all developed due to the very affection of caste-free non-hierarchical ideology in Islam and Buddhism attached with trade. Fall in business has caused them to go back into the agricultural domain forever. But, the other side of the story in Darjeeling hills and riverside fertile lands has been clear to many and has become a Model in the recent Indian politics for opposing the Government policies and turning it down from the power sector. So, that was the same issues of land alienation, Muslim sentiment, degradation of the Nature, discrimination and autonomy to make INC realize in Kashmir that what could be the fate of their party if they continue to use sentiments of the Muslim bulk in West Bengal and other parts of the country and how the direct favor has to be gone to the 'fundamentalists' like BJP (provoking riots in Hindu and Sikh dominated Jammu). This is the actual wrong to try to shed the Left (or any other Government) out of power and breaking the communal and ethnic harmony down (a conspiracy of slow poisoning), if the party would cite any strong opposition against the Nuclear Deal (or any such kind of negotiation with Imperialism) due to the scientific failure of India's senior most Nuclear Research personals. It is the right time for the Indian Muslims to show that how far patriots they are! And BJP is still trying to use (or abuse) the Amarnath issue and the exclusion of Kashmiri Hindu Pundits from the valley to Jammu. That situation is similar to the GJMM-facilitated Bengali-Nepali cleavage in the district of Darjeeling and Duars area of Jalpaiguri district in northern West Bengal. Here, besides the Socialist leaders spread over worldwide (that also includes China), the Muslims have supported Left's stand in the state as well as the center. This moral support to the Left could not be shown off that they with the very support from Muslims and Communist World (directly or indirectly) is at a situation of making conspiracy against America and INC and working against India's sovereignty with the aid of Muslim extremists, separatists and Naxalites [the rebel groups active in the jungles of Jharkhand, Odissa, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra, Bihar and parts of West Bengal]. The situation might go in favor of BJP but for a short term by raising the anti-Muslim sentiment of the Hindu people against the Amarnath land crisis from Jammu to all over India. The talks of the Muslim leaders in the valley with Amarnath Shrine Board would work on behalf of normalizing the situation. INC has only opportunity to give a statement that disturbance in Jammu and Kashmir would let the Muslim militants a golden opportunity so as to increase their activities in the state. Or the INC has no other option besides dissolving its Government in the sate legislative assembly after removal of supports from its political alleys in the state. It has been seen that any party forming coalition with the INC in state government has reduced its seat number in next election and the situation has helped BJP to come into the power, whereas INC securing the second position that generates the scope of direct state-level competition between BJP and INC in later stages. It has happened in Bihar, Jharkhand and Karnataka the doorway to South; these places at a time all have remained the stronghold of Janata Dal now divided into Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), Janata Dal United (JDU) and Janata Dal Secular (JDS). Even TMC has put the same allegation over INC in the state elections of 2006 in West Bengal. Now the same game plan has been mechanized for West Bengal again but against Left Front so as to share the power cake between TMC and INC on the burial of the quarrelling Left on policies and ideologies. For that the whole responsibility of empowering BJP goes to the INC and not the Left or any other regional parties. INC was the party that has caused its own Jinnah in 1930s to form Muslim League with the demand of reservation, autonomy and then formation of Pakistan incorporating all the Muslim dominated states and regions within the subcontinent (mainly on the old trade routes). Jinnah realized that the so called secular INC was financed by non-Muslim traders and it would never allow any Muslim to become the party President as did Ambedkar the famous Dalit leader and initiator of Neo-Buddhism in the subcontinent. Actually, on real ground INC was nothing but the savior of Indian Capitalists, Feudal Lords and upper middle class in the urban sector with a few secular minded influential Muslim and Tribal elites with them. It is entirely the responsibility of INC that there are so many regional parties today in India and chances to increase the number more; INC is rather interested to diminish such local parties by formation of again some new parties on the issues like ethnicity and regionality on discrimination. On the other hand, BJP has the policy of breaking the state on behalf of ethnicity and eat up the fruit of long ethnic movements developed and organized by certain local parties, and thereafter making them their subordinates or throw them into the opposition. And still INC is working on so hard to sign the Nuke Deal anyhow with the J.W. Bush Government; might be they thinking off that the deal could act as a savior to the Bush administration and therefore, resist the empowerment of Obama, the opposition candidate in the election yet to be held for the American Congress, and if the Bush is saved, INC in India would become safe and secured. This is the same INC that was responsible for partition of Pakistan in the name of independence of Bangladesh, but failed to set any good terms with the Nation of Bangladesh. Some parties are saying that there is no alternative way of getting nuclear power; BJP is more harmful than Bush; no confidence motion against Government and the Deal in Parliament means supporting BJP and the fundamentalists; there is an immediate need to check the growing alternative power BSP in Utter Pradesh (UP) the Power center of Indian Politics as BSP could ally with BJP in the next Government and so forth. BSP believes that it has no need of BJP support in Central Elections and some opportunistic elements in UP is trying to combine with INC so to protect themselves from the rapidly increasing popularity of BSP even at the cost of Nuclear Deal. The partners in UPA are most probably thinking that the deal would indirectly help them to retain into power with a backing of America, but they have forgot that in this way, they are inviting American economy to invade deep into Indian politics. They look confident that the UPA could manage other political parties to support them in nuclear issue and help the Government to run and finish the full time length; after signing the agreement, West Asia would fall under a severe pressure and mostly dollar based world market economy controlled by American MNCs would take certain steps to regulate the inflation and price hike in India and all over the world. And only then the credibility of UPA and its policy to tie up with America would come out in front of all. And for the BJP, if it comes into Power, it would also go in signing the agreement. Then what is the problem for the Government to publish the aspects of the Deal in Parliament and in front of Indian Public? What it has done in the northern part of West Bengal is a shame for the Country's integrity and against the peace loving inhabitants of the entire North East time to time criticized of having nexus with terrorism. But still there is no good effort to check such kind of things originated from an economic crisis (due to lack of proper domestic growth and certain trade blocks on International Boundaries in the North East) and deprivation of the huge unemployed bulk moving towards the way of organized crime, terrorism and extortion. Do we really want such politicization of regional sentiments of the peace loving local peoples so as to facilitate our ambitions of becoming a junior partner of Bush Administration of America or are we really serious about the on-going energy crisis in the country and do not have the capability to resolve it on our own? America and IAEA then would have the full authority to see up what is running in the nuclear power sector in India and NSG to cut the supply off of the Uranium fuel to us anytime if we ever do any nuclear experiments in favor of our national defense. Could UN assure us that all the nuclear states or the states willing to be Nuclear Power would stop such experiments and go to the non-proliferation treaty? If ever signing the deal, India has to express its one-way obesity to America for the next forty years, whereas it could any time go away from this deal if it wants. This depends seriously on us, the common Indians, that to decide our fate regarding the questions of alternative power sector, sovereignty and peace and harmony that remain the core aspects of Indian Civilization and the inspiration of the Unity within Diversity exclusive criterion in respect to any other country in the world. Interaction between theses and anti-theses on the broad spectrum of trade and cultivation/ production is the primordial of any civilization and is also applied to India. If we continue our approach on this line of conflict (conflict between trade and commerce on capitalism and agriculture and agro-productions on certain hierarchical classifications of the society); no one is to be achieve the ultimate win and civilization would have to go through a rough way of certain risk factors. If anybody succeeded temporarily against a huge pay, the side would deliberately try to grasp its success and convince the peoples beyond its arena forcefully and therefore, formulate another series of troubles (regional to global).
By
ASHOK DAS GUPTA, RESEARCH SCHOLAR, DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL, DARJEELING, northern WEST BENGAL (NORTH BENGAL), INDIA
0 Responses
Stay in touch with the conversation, subscribe to the RSS feed for comments on this post.