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Handmade Paper!

We all use paper — but few give thought to how it actually originated. The fact is, paper has played a key role in the development of most world
cultures, and interestingly, each culture has its own papermaking
techniques.

Five thousand years ago, Egyptians used a marsh grass called Cyperous Papyrus
(the origin of the word Paper) that grew in the Nile valley, to make
paper. They cut thin strips from the plant’s stem and softened them in
the muddy waters of the Nile. These strips were then layered in right
angles to form a kind of mat. The mat was pounded into a thin sheet and
dried in the sun. The resulting sheets were ideal for writing on.
Lightweight and portable, even the Greeks and Romans adopted them for
record keeping, spiritual texts and works of art.

Similar paper-making techniques were adopted by the Mayans during 2nd Century AD.

In the Pacific Islands, a paper was made by beating a fine bark
over specially shaped logs to make clothes and ritual objects. However,
none of these sheets would qualify as true paper today.

Paper as we know it today comes from another source - China.
Excavations of tombs of the former Han Dynasty (207BC-9AD) have
revealed silk cloth bearing the texts of Lao Tzu - the father of Taoism
(born in 604BC). In 105 AD, Han Emperor Ho-Ti’s chief eunuch T’sai Lun
experimented with a wide variety of materials and refined the process
of macerating the fibre of plants. The resultant mash was mixed with
water in a large vat. Next, a screen was submerged in the vat and
lifted up through the water, catching the fibers on its surface. When
dried, this thin layer of intertwined fiber became what today we call
paper. T’sai Lun’s thin, yet flexible and strong paper with its fine,
smooth surface was known as T’sai Ko-Shi , meaning: “Distinguished
T’sai’s Paper” and he became revered as the patron saint of
papermaking.

Indians used paper from cellulose fibers during 3rd century BC.
The handmade paper industry flourished in India during the Mughal
era.It gradually declined with the establishment of paper mills during
the 18th and 19th centuries. The art of handmade paper making in India
was revived under the inspiration of Mahatma Gandhi.

The notion of paper being used as a practical everyday item
did not occur until the 15th Century. When Johann Gutenburg perfected
movable type and printed his famous bible in 1456, he not only spread
the word of Christianity, but also sparked a revolution in mass
communication. The birth of the modern paper and printing industry is
commonly marked from this date.



Posted in Hobbies.

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Garlic — The Wonder Veggie

One of the most inocuous vegetables in our kitchens is garlic. But did you know that this humble vegetable is a miracle  food, better than a lot of medicines? Here, read about its benefits and see for yourself —

  • Garlic is known to reduce cholesterol: The largest study so far has been conducted in Germany where 261 patients were given either garlic powder tablets or a placebo. After 12 weeks it was observed that mean serum cholesterol levels dropped by 12 per cent in the garlic-treated group and triglycerides dropped by 17 per cent compared to the placebo group [Anti-viral effects of Garlic by Peter Josling].


  • Garlic fights infections: One of the most active
    compounds in garlic, allicin, is an excellent anti-microbial drug,
    which can fight a wide variety of infections. Allicin effectively
    blocks two groups of enzymes ? cysteine proteinases and alcohol dehydrogenases ? which makes it an excellent natural broad spectrum anti microbial.


  • Garlic cures certain fungal infections: Garlic has long been a traditional cure for Candida infections, thrush and Athlete’s Foot.
    Again it is the allicin in garlic that has strong anti-candidal
    properties. Wash the fungus-infected skin with an infusion of garlic
    and water, and include plenty of garlic in your diet.


  • Garlic and cancer: Garlic contains allyl sulfur and other compounds that decrease or prevent the growth of cancer
    cells. Demographic studies have shown that fewer number of garlic
    eaters have got cancer compared to non-garlic eaters. This is
    especially true of stomach and prostrate cancers. Studies conducted by
    the Penn State University have shown that a by-product of allicin,
    S-allyl Cysteine, prevents the growth of breast cancer cells. Another
    study conducted by the same university showed that garlic contained two
    compounds known as diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide
    (DATS) that helped in the prevention of lung, skin and colon cancers.


  • Garlic and hypertension: Those suffering from hypertension can have garlic (along with their prescription medicines) to help in
    blood pressure management. Although it hasn't been proven conclusively,
    it does appear that there is some evidence to support the role of
    garlic in reducing blood pressure.
    The garlic sulphides, rather than allicin, help in this case. Since
    garlic helps in cholesterol reduction, it also indirectly helps in
    managing hypertension.

Interested in other foods that work better than medicines? See http://copperwiki.org/index.php/Super_Foods


Posted in Food.

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Indian Handicraft

All over the world, people exclaim over Indian Handicraft, but unfortunately, Indians just don’t know enough about their own heritage. I’ve created a blog on Indian handicraft here — http://hubpages.com/hub/IndianHandicraft. Take a look and tell me what you think. For those interested in Indian Handicraft, here are some useful links –
*http://copperwiki.org/index.php/Ajrakh_Printing
*http://copperwiki.org/index.php/Maheshwari_weaving
*http://copperwiki.org/index.php/Madhubani_Paintings
*http://www.craftandartisans.com
*http://www.craftrevival.org



Posted in Indian Handicraft.

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Why should we read food labels?

The famous ancient Greek physician Hippocrates said, "Let food be your medicine and let your medicine be food."
In an age where most food comes from packets bought in supermarkets,
the most significant way in which we can ensure that what we eat is
actually good for us, is by learning to decode the fine print of food
labels.
Some vital bits of information that Food Labels contain are ' serving sizes, percentage daily values, added sugars, preservatives, fats, carbs, proteins, vitamins, cholesterol and fibre.
Most nutrients are measured in grams, or milligrams (mg). Other
information on the label is given in percentages of the daily allowance
of that specific nutrient, based on a 2,000 calories a day diet.

Many a time, food labels use different names for things people commonly like to avoid. Did you know, whenever a label shows the presence of corn syrup, fruit juice concentrates, honey,
molasses, corn sweetener, dextrose, fructose, glucose, high-fructose
corn syrup, invert sugar, lactose, maltose, malt syrup and sucrose, remember that these all are basically added sugars.

For more on this, read http://copperwiki.org/index.php/Reading_Food_Labels

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Posted in Food.

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For Tea Lovers

In my own hands I hold a bowl of tea; I see all of nature represented in its green color. Closing my eyes I find green mountains and pure water within my own heart. Silently sitting alone and drinking tea, I feel these become a part of me…

(Soshitsu Sen, Grand Master XIV, Urasenke School of Tea).

Tea is the world’s most popular beverage. There are probably as many ways of making and drinking it, as there are tea drinkers! Here are some of the most unusual ways in which tea is drunk –

*The Chinese and Japanese drink green tea and light black tea sometimes scented with jasmine.

*Europeans add milk and sugar to a light liquor of black tea.

*Indians boil it with a lot of milk, sometimes spices and a lot of sugar to make what is recognized the world over as Chai.

*The Tibetans lace their version with yak butter.

*Tea pickers in Darjeeling have theirs cold, with milk and salt.

*The Moroccans flavour their tea with mint, basil, or sage.

*The Americans drink it cold and black as iced tea.

*The Russians actually add jam into it

Posted in Food.

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Happy earth Day!

Happy Earth Day to everyone! In today’s milieu, it is impossible for most of us who read the papers and watch the news on television to be unaware of our environment and how we are all contributing to its degradation. Even then, most of us don’t give a thought to what we choose to eat. There’s a great demand from conservationists that we should eat `local’ — whioch means food that has been grown locally and has not travelled a long distance to reach your dinner table. The distance it travels is measured by Food miles. The more miles an item of food has travelled, the less sustainable it is because so much energy has been burnt up and Carbon dioxide emitted during its journey. So in India, when we eat Japanese apples or Californian grapes, they may taste great but the fact is that making such choices is bad for us and bad for our planet. For more on this, see http://copperwiki.org/index.php/Food_Miles

 

 

 

 

Posted in environment.

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The Good News About Chocolate!

Finally, some health news we all can use!! Research shows thta Dark Chocolate is a Super Food with more than 300 chemicals good for health. It contains Antioxidants that prevent the buildup of bad cholesterol, stop platelets from clotting and increase life expectancy too! Chocolate even helps diminish anxiety and reduces sensitivity to pain.

So what are you waiting for? Go grab a bar of chocolate and read http://copperwiki.org/index.php/Chocolate for more!!

Posted in Food.

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Junk Sleep — A Growing Concern

Distracted by electronic gadgets in their rooms, teenagers are getting fewer quality sleep hours than ever before. A recent UK survey found that 30% of teens barely got 4-7 hours of sleep. Sleep experts say Junk Sleep, sleep that’s too little to feed the growing bodies and brains of teens. As bad as junk food, it leads to serious complications.

A whopping ninety eight per cent of the 1000 teenagers between 12 and 16 years old in a recent study in UK, had phones, music systems, or TVs in their bedrooms (almost two-thirds had all three). Twenty three per cent of those interviewed said they regularly fell asleep while watching TV, listening to music, or with “other machinery” still running!

In a national survey conducted in 2006, only 20 percent of American teens reported getting nine hours of sleep a night. Nearly half aid they slept less than eight hours on school nights and 28 percent of high-school students reported falling asleep in school at least once a week!

For more on this, read http://copperwiki.org/index.php/Junk_Sleep

Posted in health.

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Super Foods

Nutritionists believe that in the age of processed food, far too many people are over-fed but under-nourished. What we all need to choose are SUPER FOODS — natural nutrient dense foods which are so rich in antioxidants that they rejuvenate the body and fight disease and ageing. They are as varied as chocolate, green tea, soya and garlic, but scientists believe that they have the power to keep even illnesses like cancer at bay!

For a list of Super Foods and info on how they work, please visit http://copperwiki.org/index.php/Super_Foods

 

Posted in Food.

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Sunscreen or Sun Scream?

Many scientists now believe that cancer prevention by wearing sunscreen is a myth! They say that sunscreen companies donate a percentage of sales to cancer research and organisations like the American Cancer Society who in turn perpetuate this fallacy. Instead, its sunscreens themselves that may cause cancer.

Actually, sunscreens contain toxic chemicals that are absorbed by the skin which in turn cause the disease. They also block the absorption of Vitamin D which prevents cancer in the human body. There is a list of harmful chemicals in sunscreens. To see it and learn more about this, go to http://copperwiki.org/index.php/Sunscreen

Posted in Science.

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