Dolls have been a part of humankind
since prehistoric times. They are a girl’s best friends. From times immemorial
dolls have been a part and parcel of a girls growing up years
Dolls have been described as a
child’s toy puppet etc. which resembles a human face.
(New World Dictionary)
Ever since the prehistoric times
they were used to depict religious figures or playthings and made of clay, fur
or wood.
We do not have any dolls from the
prehistoric times; Fragments of alabaster doll with movable arms have been
recovered from the Babylonian period.
Ancient dolls made of wood have
been found from the children’s graves from Egypt, Greece and Rome. Egyptian
tombs of well to do families included pottery dolls. Girls from Greece and Rome
dedicated their wooden dolls to Goddesses when they were grown up to play with
dolls. These dolls were found to be made up of clay, wood and rags. Some were
also made up of ivory and or wax.
The dolls were made up of various
materials but whatever their composition the main objective was that it should
resemble human being. In this connection during 600B.C, such dolls were found
which had movable limbs and their clothes too could be changed.
In ancient times Europe became an
important center for doll production and wooden dolls were also made. With the
passage of time, dolls making improved rapidly. An alternative to wood was
developed. Pulp wood paper wood started being used. It was poured into cast of
dolls and manufacturing at a large-scale started. Manufactures did not disclose
the raw materials used and kept it as their trade secret. With time the
manufacture of dolls became
better and better. During the 1850
and 1930, extremely good wax, clay and plaster dolls
were manufactured. Papier-mâché a
type of composition was most popular.
During the 19th century
dolls were made of polythene, which was compressed below 2372 degrees F. China,
Germany, France and Denmark also started producing dolls of various different
kinds
In 1880 in France a doll named Bebe
became extremely popular. It was highly sought after, as it was different from
its predecessors as it depicted a younger girl.
During 1900 different dolls came
into existence. Krammer and Reinhardt introduced a bisque character doll
starting a trend of creating realistic dolls. Doll making became an industry in
the US after the civil war in 1860s. Doll production concentrated in New
England, with dolls made of a variety of materials such as leather, rubber,
papier-mache and cloth. Celluloid was developed in New Jersey in the late 1860s
and used for doll making in the mid 1950s.
German, French, American and
Japanese factories cheaply produced celluloid dolls. It was only after the
Second World War manufacturers started the use of plastic. Hard plastic dolls
were produced in the 1940’s. Apart from this, during the 1950 and 1960 many
other articles like foam, rubber, vinyl was used. Vinyl changed doll making. It
enabled the makers to root hair into the head rather than using wigs or
painting the hair.
Now a days dolls are produced on an
international level- it has become a blooming business. Dolls are a part of
child’s life. They cannot think of life without dolls.
Barbie is today’s most popular
doll. Barbie was originally a real person, whose name was Barbara (Barbie)
Handler whose parents were Ruth and Elliot.
Barbie’s mother saw that Barbie and
her friends play with adult female doll rather than baby dolls. She knew that
it was important for the young girls to imagine what it would be like to be
grown up, so she decided to make a three dimensional adult female doll. She
gave the idea to the ad. Executive at Mattel corp. (which she and her husband
founded)-The result was Barbie doll.
Barbie debuted at the American Toy Fair in New York
City in 1959. Girls went wild. A new sales record was set. Since then Barbie’s
popularity has increased with many of her look-alikes being sold. Barbie is
also the most successful in the history of toy industry. It has a lot of
accessories and thus Barbie continues to rule the hearts. It celebrated her 40th
Birthday in 1999.